Membrane platforms

A brief review of experience with aqueous feeds will be provided to identify lessons learned that can help expedite expansion of the membrane platform to nonaqueous feeds. The subsequent discussion focuses on large-scale examples where significant... 

Knoll W, Koper I, Naumann R, Sinner EK (2008) Tethered bimolecular lipid membranes -a novel model membrane platform. Electrochim Acta 53 6680-6689... 

Grassme, H., Riehle, A., Wilker, B., and Gulbins, E. Rhinoviruses infect human epithelial cells via ceramide-enriched membrane platforms, J Biol Chem, 280 (2005) 26256-26262. 

Several methods were applied to show the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms For instance, unilamellar vesicles composed of phospha-tidylcholine/sphingomyelin were treated with immobilized sphingomyelinase, which resulted in rapid formation of large ceramide-enriched membrane platforms visualized by fluorescence microscopy of giant vesicles (Holopainen... 

Fig. 20.1 Infection with P. aeruginosa results in surface exposure of the add sphingomyelinase and the formation of distinct membrane domains. Epithehal cells were infected with P. aeruginosa, the cells were fixed and stained with Cy5-coupled anti-acid sphingomyehnase antibodies and FITC-choleratoxin to visualize membrane domains. The results reveal the formation of a large membrane platform that co-localizes with surface acid sphingomyelinase...

Bock, J., Szabo, L, Gamper, N., Adams, C. Gulbins, E. Ceramide inhibits the potassium channel Kvl.3 by the formation of membrane platforms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305 (2003) 890-7. 

Anode Catalysts for Direct Polyol Fuel Cells (Ethylene Glycol, Glycerol) Cogenerate Electricity and Valuable Chemicals Based on Anion Exchange Membrane Platform... 

A further partihon system based on the use of liposomes, and commercialized under the name Transil [110, 111], has shown its utiUty as a UpophiUcity measure in PBPK modeling [112]. Fluorescent-labeled liposomes, called fluorosomes, are another means of measuring the rate of penetration of small molecules into membrane bilayers [113, 120]. Similarly, a colorimetric assay amenable to HTS for evaluating membrane interactions and penetrahon has been presented [116]. The platform comprises vesicles of phospholipids and the chromahc Upid-mimehc polydiacetylene. The polymer undergoes visible concentrahon-dependent red-blue transformahons induced through interactions of the vesicles with the studied molecules. 

FIGURE 4.14 Schematic cross-section of the platform for in-vitro intracellular recording of ion concentration, designed for hepatocyte cell culture (a) and ESEM pictures of a micropipette (tilted at 75°) filled with the membrane cocktail. (From [102].)... 

Chemically functional membranes afford yet another intriguing platform upon which process-intensified chemistry can be performed. For example, an enzyme membrane reactor process is used to produce a... 

Concerning utilisation of CNTs for the delivery of nucleic acids, CNTs have already been shown to be versatile platforms for nucleic acid delivery in vitro and in vivo because of their high surface area, facile functionalisation of their surface and their ability to cross the cell membranes. To our knowledge, it is crucial to functionalise the surface of CNTs, in order to transform nonfunctionalised CNTs (insoluble in most solvents) into water-soluble and biocompatible CNTs. On the other hand, with a growing number of functionalisation routes, many important questions remain unanswered. Each functionalisation method is probably producing... 

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