Membrane designs, monolithic

A different approach to monolithic membrane design has been taken by Norsk Hydro [23]. They chose to make a less complex monolithic membrane body while the manifolds applied at the ends of the monolith are more complex than the Amoco design of Fig. 8.7. The Norsk Hydro monoUthic membrane design is shown in Fig. 8.8. In this design, the monolithic body consists of parallel straight channels for the oxidant and reactant gas flows. The oxidant and reactant channels are adjacent to each other, in alternating rows or in a checkerboard pattern in... 

Figure 8.8 The Norsk Hydro monolithic membrane design from Fig. 7 ofWO03/033985 [23] showing the monolithic membrane body with top and bottom manifolds for feeding and withdrawing two gases.

Ceramic Ceramic membranes are made generally by the sol-gel process, the successive deposition of ever smmler ceramic precursor sph eres, followed by firing to form multitube monoliths. The diameter of the individual channels is commonly about 2 to 6 mm. Monoliths come in a variety of shapes and sizes. A 19-channel design is common. One manufacturer makes large monoliths with square channels. 

Rat serum and plasma membrane proteins Design of the monolith cartridge, purification, comparison with conventional columns Anion Exchange, Affinity (Heparin) [45]... 

Micromachining in SiC is developed by several groups, for a review see [129]. Solzbacher et al. have constructed a microhotplate based on a SiC-membrane and a HfB thin-film heater, where the active part of the membrane is separated from the surroundings by six SiC microbridges. The heater is designed for operation temperatures up to 700°C and can be operated at 400°C with a power of 35mW [130, 131]. Boston Microsystems also offers a monolithic microhotplate in SiC [132]. 

The reflecting surface can be a mirror or a membrane with a light-scattering surface. In any case, the sensor has the appearance of a monolithic probe (i.e., a dip-stick probe). Optical sensors based on absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence can employ such a configuration. Various highly optimized fiberoptic probes for UV-Vis, NIR, and IR ranges are now commercially available, and their designs are shown in Fig. 9.23. 

Where a monolithic rather than a brick floor adjoins the trench, a modification of this design is employed to prevent leakage at the junction of the monolithic and the trench membrane. See Sketch 3. Note the following lining sequence. 

The difference between expansion joint design and location in floors protected with bonded tile or brick, and monolithic toppings and surfacings, and in floors protected by "acid brick" laid with chemically-resistant mortars over an impervious membrane. 

Recent developments in LM module design, including rotational, vibrational membrane devices, pulsed-flow fluid management for polarization control, use of low-cost refractory monoliths as membrane supports, and use of electric potentials to minimize macrosolute polarization and fouling, may permit practical and economic application of membrane processes to liquid and gaseous streams which today are untreatable by such methods. 

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