Monolithic membranes

A membrane module may contain many membrane elements as shown in Figure 3.16, where 19 monolithic membrane elements each with 19 channels... 

Figure 3.15. Schematic of permeate flow path through a porous multichannel monolithic membrane element (Hsieh 1988, Hsieh, Bhave and Fleming 1988).

Materials prepared by the ROMP technique find use in monolithic capillary columns (45,46), and monolithic membrane discs (47). A monolithic column is a column in which the stationary phase is... 

S. Lubbad, S.A. Steiner, J.S. Fritz, and M.R. Buchmeiser, Metathesis polymerization-derived monolithic membranes for solid-phase extraction coupled with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, J. Chromatogr. A, 1109(1) 86—91, March 2006. 

Grover, W.H., Skelley, A.M., Liu, C.N., Lagally, E.T., Mathies, R.A., Monolithic membrane valves and diaphragm pumps for practical large-scale integration into glass microfluidic devices. Sensors Actuators B 2003, 89, 315-323. 

The terminology describing dmg delivery and targeting is extensive and ever-growing. Systems are diversely referred to as controlled release , sustained release , zero-order , reservoir , monolithic , membrane-controlled , smart , stealth etc. Unfortunately, these terms are not always used consistently and, in some cases, may even be used inaccurately. For clarity and consistency, some common terms used in this book are defined as follows ... 

Figure 3.6 Cross-sectional view of a muiti-channcl monolithic membrane element [Courtesy of U.S. Filter]...

Two types of connection (and therefore sealing) are involved in assembling membrane modules. The first type connects tubular or monolithic membrane elements in bundles using header plates at the ends and, in some cases, in the middle of the module length. The second type provides sealing between the plates and the module housing. 

Only a limited number of studies has begun to emerge in this area. The available studies encompass various levels of details. Some use CFD to focus the simulation on the How of liquid and particles through membrane pores while others model fluid flow through a single membrane tube. CFD simulation of fluid flow through a multi-channel monolithic membrane element has also been done. 

B. Coupling of Hydrogen Evolution and Consumption Reactions on the Monolithic Membrane Catalysts... 

Table 3 Applications of Monolithic Membrane Catalysts Based on Palladium and Palladium Alloys...

The most general case of catalyst-membrane systems are systems containing a conventional granulated catalyst and a membrane catalyst. Two varieties of such systems are possible (1) a pellet catalyst with a monolithic membrane or (2) a pellet catalyst with a porous (sometimes composite) membrane. The inorganic membrane reactors with or without selective permeability are discussed in Chapter 17 of this book. Examples of applications of systems of selective metal-containing membrane and granulated catalyst are presented in Table 5. 

N.V. Orekhova, M.M. Ermilova, and V.M. Gryaznov, Combination of cyclohexane dehydrogenation and pentadiene-1,3 hydrogenation in granulated and monolithic membrane catalyst systems, Pmc. Acad. ScL USSR. Phys. Chem. Sec. 321 1 9 (1991). 

Fig. 2.8. Schematic picture of a porous multichcumel monolithic membrane element.

A different approach to monolithic membrane design has been taken by Norsk Hydro [23]. They chose to make a less complex monolithic membrane body while the manifolds applied at the ends of the monolith are more complex than the Amoco design of Fig. 8.7. The Norsk Hydro monoUthic membrane design is shown in Fig. 8.8. In this design, the monolithic body consists of parallel straight channels for the oxidant and reactant gas flows. The oxidant and reactant channels are adjacent to each other, in alternating rows or in a checkerboard pattern in... 

Figure 8.8 The Norsk Hydro monolithic membrane design from Fig. 7 ofWO03/033985 [23] showing the monolithic membrane body with top and bottom manifolds for feeding and withdrawing two gases.

FIGURE 9.4 Image of a monolith membrane element, 150 mm in diameter and 1.5 m long, produced by CeraMem. 

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