Membership Denmark

Traditionally, the AKs cooperate closely with the trade unions however, there is also an AK for the self-employed. Membership must not be made to depend on the applicant s affiliation with a trade union, but the latter may require its members to join the corresponding AK. Among other criteria, membership is possible from the age of 18-63, and is preconditioned on a gainful activity in the sector represented by the AK as well as on residence in Denmark. Standard contribution amounts do not exist depending on the insurant s age and employment status (e g. recipient of early [partial] retirement benefit - efterlori), the annual amount ranges from 4.8 to 7 times the daily unemployment benefit (dagpenge) to be claimed by the insurant upon occurrence of the risk. 

He was an ardent mountain climber and skier, fond of jokes and tricky technical problems. His students enjoyed his teaching as well as his solicitous concern for their personal problems when he was asked for help. His many honors, including a doctorate from the University of Denmark and honorary life membership in the Canadian Institute of Chemistry are overshadowed by the esteem in which his former students held him. 

A vital aspect in the founding and running of an association is its economy. All societies agreed on certain membership fees intended to cover all or part of the expenses. Some societies, such as the ones in Denmark and Sweden, had to rely on membership fees only other societies were more entrepreneurial or blessed by sponsors. The pubUcation of one or more journals could represent a basic expenditure or could be used to create a regular income, as could the sale of other pubUcations, which created a fair income for the Portuguese society. The British Institute of Chemistry had as a consequence of its unique foimdation other sources of income, not least examination fees. 

The pharmacists represented a special professional group related in different ways to the chemists in various countries. In the Netherlands, the pharmacists were welcome to become members of the chemical society if they so wished. The case was the same in (at least) Belgium, Czech Lands, Denmark and Norway, whereas the pharmaceutical chemists were explicitly excluded from membership of the chemical societies in some of the other countries, such as Britain. Different local reasons for the differences have been discussed in some of the previous chapters, and we can only conclude that although chemistry historically has had long and strong ties to pharmacy, the two disciplines had largely become differentiated by the late nineteenth century. This is also reflected in the formation of self-contained associations dealing with the specific interests of the pharmacists. 

In this essay I examine how the periodic system or table was introduced in Denmark in the late nineteenth century, how it was used in chemical textbooks, and the way it was developed by a few of the country s scientists. Danish chemists had in the period an international orientation, which helped them in getting acquainted with Mendeleev s system and appreciating its strength. The main reason they felt the system to be attractive was its predictive force, especially its prediction of new elements and ability to accommodate new chemical knowledge. I pay particular attention to the work of Hans Peter Jorgen Julius Thomsen (1826-1909), which is an important example of neo-Proutean attempts to understand the periodic system in terms of internally structured atoms. Moreover, I direct attention to Mendeleev s connection to Danish science by way of his membership in the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. 

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