Nanoparticles medical applications

Ito A et al (2005) Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. J Biosci Bioeng 100 1-11... 

Chapter 7 discusses regulation of nanoparticles under REACH and TSCA. Chemical identity/nomenclature issues and risk assessment for nanoparticles are included in this discussion. The book therefore concludes with this new chemical technology that has enormous potential in commercial uses and benefits such as in medical applications, and the potential for harm to humans and the environment due to its unique physical state. EPA and ECHA have commented on how they plan to regulate nanoparticles, and the former has begun to do so, but this is one area where traditional and existing regulatory schemes (and even the science used to determine risk) may be insufficient. 

Nanoparticles in the form of quantum dots are reaching a mature stage in the development of medical applications. Their fluorescent yields are in the visible and infrared. They outperform organic dyes in the narrow emission linewidths, they have the capability to excite a wide range of useful emissions with a single ultraviolet (UV) excitation, and they are resistant to photobleaching. 

Incorporation of nanoparticle in the polymer has improved the properties of the polymer significantly and it makes way for using nanocomposites in various engineering applications like military equipment, safety, protective garments, automotive, aerospace, electronics, biotechnology and medical applications [113-126]. In this section the potential application of polymer nanocomposites is discussed and consolidated in Tables 9.20 and 9.21. 

Recent reports [14,72] describe the preparation of various calcium phosphate nanoparticles. It is believed that such products might prove to be of great value in biomedicine, for drug delivery, gene silencing, and so on. Phosphoras-based dendrimers have recently been investigated with a view to medical applications, or as potentially useful nanoparticle or nanotube materials [73,74,75],... 

SPR is a unique property of plasmonic or noble metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles. This unique property offers multimodalities for medical applications due to photon confinement to a small particle size and enhancing all radiative and nonradiative properties of the nanoparticles [77]. 

Abstract Surface properties are a critical aspect of textiles for medical applications. This chapter discusses some popular surface modification techniques plasma activation, plasma polymerization, chemical grafting, and polymer encapsulation of nanoparticles. 

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