Mechanosensitive ion channels

Mechanosensitive ion channels can be looked at as membrane-embedded mechano-electrical switches. They play a critical role in transducing physical stresses at the cell membrane (e.g. lipid bilayer deformations) into an electrochemical response. Two types of stretch-activated channels have been reported the mechanosensitive channels of large conductance (MscL) and mechanosensitive channels of small conductance (MscS). 

The most important stimulus to the release of ANP from the heart is atrial stretch via mechanosensitive ion channels. ANP release is also increased by volume expansion, changing from the standing to the supine position, and exercise. ANP release can also be increased by sympathetic stimulation via aiA-adrenoceptors, endothelins via the -receptor subtype (see below), glucocorticoids, and vasopressin. Plasma ANP concentration increases in various pathologic states, including heart failure, primary aldosteronism, chronic renal failure, and inappropriate ADH secretion syndrome. 

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Grammostola spatulata, which inhibits mechanosensitive ion channels ... 

Stretch-activated proteins in animal cell membranes that are candidates for osmosensing activity include mechanosensitive ion channels and the membrane-localized enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2). The former proteins remain to be conclusively linked to osmosensing. Activity of PLA2 is sensitive to packing of the lipid bilayer of the cell and is responsive to osmotic changes, two attributes that mark it as a prime candidate for a stretch-activated sensor (Lehtonen and Kinnunen, 1995). 

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Davidson, R. M., D. W. Tatakis, and A. L. Auerbach. 1990. Multiple forms of mechanosensitive ion channels in osteoblast-hke cells. lingers Arch 416(6) 646-51. 

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