Mechanics Applications to Crystals

Reactions in organic solids also appear to be influenced by the presence of dislocations. One of the first indications that such an influence is exerted in solid-state polymerization came from the researches of Adler et al. (145-148) and of Bamford and Eastmond (149-151). Although little or nothing is known about dislocations in the monomer solids used by these two groups, and although the contribution of other defects (for example, those introduced by y-irradiation) is also unknown, there are strong indications that polymerization is preferentially initiated in the vicinity of dislocation cores. Thus, Bamford and Eastmond (149-151) observed that the application of mechanical stress to crystals... 

The formation mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 5. CNT film has also been found to grow epitaxially on the surface of a (3-SiC crystal particle [29], The present method should prove to be applicable to flat panel displays or to electronic devices utilising MWCNTs,... 

To cope with these problems, we have developed phosphate removal process using crystallization, which can minimize the amount of sludge and recover phosphate. Mechanism of this process is crystallization of calcium phosphate on the surface of phosphate rocks by contacting supersaturated solution with them. In case of application to wastewater containing 1-3 mg/jg phosphate as P, we proposed fixed bed type process, which has demonstrated excellent performance in the sewage treatment. 

It is also of practical interests to control hydrate decomposition. The early studies were intended to understand the mechanism of hydrate decomposition when plugging in pipeline was encountered. The hydrate crystals generally decompose by de-pressurization (Kelkar et al., 1998, Peters et al., 2000 Hong et al., 2006). Thermal stimulation has also been considered in order to provide strategies for methane recovery from the natural hydrate by thermal stimulation (Selim and Sloan, 1989 Ji et al., 2001 Hong et al., 2003 Hong and Pooladi-Darvish, 2005). Hydrate decomposition studies may also be applicable to gas storage in hydrates. 

For sufficiently short chains it is possible to calculate C , u , and all other features of interest exactly. Such enumerations were initiated independently because of their application to the statistical mechanics of interacting systems on crystal lattices,10 and a variety of analytical and computational methods (including the use of digital computers) has been employed to extend the enumerations to as large a value of n as practicable. These exact results are then used to conjecture the pattern of asymptotic behavior,... 

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