McConnell solids

An exception to this rule arises in the ESR spectra of radicals with small hyperfine parameters in solids. In that case the interplay between the Zeeman and anisotropic hyperfine interaction may give rise to satellite peaks for some radical orientations (S. M. Blinder, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 748 H. Sternlicht,./. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 1128). Such effects have been observed in organic free radicals (H. M. McConnell, C. Heller, T. Cole and R. W. Fessenden, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 82, 766) but are assumed to be negligible for the analysis of powder spectra (see Chapter 4) where A is often large or the resolution is insufficient to reveal subtle spectral features. The nuclear Zeeman interaction does, however, play a central role in electron-nuclear double resonance experiments and related methods [Appendix 2 and Section 2.6 (Chapter 2)]. 

Is it possible for Professor McConnell to give a description of his observed A-point transition on a molecular basis, or does he believe that the complexity is so great that he can only describe the system in general functional thermodynamic terminology It is sometimes possible to describe A-point transitions in pure solids (e.g., NH4C1) in a molecular fashion, but can we hope to do this for a biological membrane ... 

Fig. 6. Schematic model of two-phase system, with solid domain S in equilibrium with fluid domain F. The relative proportions, and compositions of F and S are determined from, for example, the phase diagram in Fig. 2. The 13C nuclear resonance spectra of lipids in the solid phase S are broader than the nuclear resonance spectra of lipids in the fluid phase F the spectra of lipids in the fluid phase F can be broadened if they diffuse to, and stick to, the solid phase. For a detailed theoretical calculation of line widths expected for this geometry, see Ref. 4. The bilayer length is L, and the domain boundary is b - b. [Reprinted with permission from P. Brulet and H. M. McConnell, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 1314 (1977). Copyright by American Chemical Society.]...

I should like to remark that in the case of a phase diagram as reported by Fig. 2 in Dr. McConnell s paper, one is bound to observe concentration inhomogeneities both in the liquid and in the solid phases during solidification (see Fig. 1.). 

Dowling DP, Donnelly K, McConnell ML et al. (2001) Deposition of anti-bacterial silver coatings on polymeric substrates. Thin Solid Films 398-399 602-606... 

Benzing, R.J., McConnell, B.D. and Clow, W.L., A Methyl Phenyl Polysiloxane Bonded Lubricating Film, ASLE Inti. Conf. on Solid Lubricants, Denver, Colorado, (24-27 Aug. 1971), ASLE SP-3. 

McConnell, B.D., Survey of Solid Film Lubricants, ASD Tech Report 61-22, (Sept. 1961). 

McConnell, B.D. and Mecklenburg, K.R., Solid Lubricant Compacts - an Approach to Long Term Lubrication Performance in Space, Lubric. Eng., 33, 544, (1977). 

McConnell EE, Chevalier HJ, Hesterberg TW, et al. 1994. Comparison of the effects of chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos in rats after inhalation for 24 months. In Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Mauderly JL, et al., ed. Toxic and carcinogenic effects of solid particles in the respiratory tract. Washington, DC ILSI Press, 461-467. 

However, metallic conduction in organic systems had been dreamt of as early as 1911 [1]. Until the mid 1960s the serious researchers of the organic solid state were few Hideo Akamatsu [2], Noel S. Bayliss [3], Melvin Calvin [4], Daniel D. Eley [5], Helmuth Kainer [6], Aleksandr I. Kitaigorodskii [7], Jan Kommandeur [8], Yoshio Matsunaga [9], Harden M. McConnell [10], Albert Szentgyorgyi [11], A.N. Terenin [12] and A.T. Vartanyan [12]. 

Indeed, in the light of current mineralogical theory (McConnell, 1973a) pertaining to carbonate apatites, there is no need to search for either a precursor or any other solid phase in bone — either crystalline or noncrystalline. The chemical composition is indicated for the principal constituents of bovine (dry, fat-free) bone, compared with dental enamel and dentin (Table 3.1.7). When converted to oxides, these values for bone become ... 

Figure 2. The evolution of the c-unit-cell parameter and the unit-cell volume of akermanite through the incommensurate to normal phase transition at -1.8 GPa (data from McConnell et al. 2000). Both the cell parameter and volume of the normal phase have been fitted by a Mumaghan EoS, indicated by the solid line. Symbol sizes significantly exceed experimental uncertainties.

Figure A3. Variation of centre shift with temperature based on spectral fits incorporating two quadrapole doublets. The solid line represents the Debye model fit (Eqns. 1 and 2, this Chapter) to the centre shifts (data taken from McConnell et al. 2000).

Figure 12. Epifluorescence (fluorescent probe, 23) photomicrograph of a mono-molecular film of the phospholipid dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (10, R = R = n-CisHsi) at the air-water interface. The black regions are composed of solid-phase lipid, and the white (fluorescent) regions are fluid-phase lipid containing about 1 mol% of a fluorescent lipid probe. (Top) Micrograph showing the onset of solid phase formation bar, 50 pm. Middle) Micrograph showing formation of chiral solid domains when the phospholipid is one of the enantiomeric forms (R) bar, 50 pm. Bottom) Micrograph showing spiral forms of enantiomeric lipid when 2 mol% of cholesterol is included in the monolayer so as to reduce the line tension bar, 30 pm. Reproduced from ref. 146 (McConnell and Keller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987, 84,4706) with permission of the Academy of Sciences of the USA.

Fig. 17. Effect of coal feed rate on conversion to acetylene. The rectilinear portions of the graph, represented by the solid lines, correspond to a 20% conversion of C in the coal to C in C2H2 in Ar plasma and to 40% conversion to C2H2 in the 90% Ar + 10% H2 plasma. (Redrawn from Bond, R. L., Ladner, W. R., McConnell, G. I. T. in Advances in Chemistry Series No. 55, page 659 (1966), Gould, R. (cd.), by permission of Dr. Ladner and the publishers, the American Chemical Society)...

Calculations of triplet excitonic bands for a number of crystals have been performed by Sternlicht and McConnell (26) and they have shown that the resonant interaction, proper for a crystal, can substantially change the EPR spectra when molecules aggregate to a crystal. An interesting effect related to the resonant interaction has been predicted for the naphthalene crystal (26). The EPR spectra of naphthalene molecules embedded as a solid solution into a durene crystal show four lines (34). This crystal, similar to the naphthalene crystal, contains two molecules in its unit cell. Thus, inside the crystal a naphthalene molecule can have two orientations. Each of these orientations provides two lines in the EPR spectra,13 and only in such cases, when the direction of the applied magnetic field is invariant with respect to symmetry operations of the durene crystal, four EPR lines conglomerate into two lines. 

Kim, H., Nochetto, C., and McConnell, L. L., Gas-phase analysis of trimethylamine, propionic and butyric acids, and sulfur compounds using solid-phase microextraction. Anal. Chem., 74, 1054-1060,... 

Wurster s Blue perchlorate has been the subject of many investigations. Its stability as a solid and in solution, its ease of preparation, and its symmetry make it an ideal model in spectroscopic and magnetic susceptibility studies. It was one of the first cation radicals to be shown to exist both as a monomer and as a dimer in solution (Hausscr, 1956 Bolton et al., 1962) and in the solid state (Duffey, 1962 McConnell and Lynden-Bell, 1962), the dimeric form being obtainable reversibly by lowering the temperature. This phenomenon is widespread among cation radicals and is discussed in section 3. 

Fluor-, chlor-, and hydroxylapatite end-members exist with a single anion occupant of the anion columns. However, as solid solution among the column anion components occurs the [OOz] columns must accommodate the variety of anions, and the means of accommodation is not straightforward. The extent of solid solution between and among the column anion constituents, and the structural response to such solution, is not well characterized (McConnell 1973). The locations of the anions in the end-members demonstrate that the structural configurations are not miscible without a structural... 

It is not possible to detail all of the factors that may influence the complex chemical variation in apatites (see also reviews by McConnell 1973 Roy et al. 1978 Elliott 1994), especially because data for many solid solutions are either incomplete or absent. Accordingly, we have selected the uptake of REEs in FAp, OHAp, and ClAp as examples to illustrate some of the important factors, both intrinsic (crystal-chemical) and external (P-T-X), that control the compositional variation in apatites. 

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