Mayflies

Losses of crustaceans, crayfish, mayflies, and some algal and zooplankton species occur as the pH approaches 6, but most fish are largely unaffected. In the range from pH 6 to 5, major population losses are experienced. Major changes of plankton species happen while progressive loss of fish species is hkely. Fish decline is often reflected in a failure of the species to reproduce... 

Odin M, Feurtet-Mazel A, Ribeyre F, Boudou A. 1994. Actions and interactions of temperature, pH and photoperiod on mercury bioaccumulation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia rigida, from the sediment contamination source. Envhon Toxicol Chem 13 1291-1302. 

Cid N, Ibanez C, Prat N (2008) Life history and production of the burrowing mayfly Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791) (Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae) in the lower Ebro river a comparison after 18 years. Aquatic Insects 30 163-178... 

Andres, S., F. Ribeyre, and A. Boudou. 1998. Effects of temperature and exposure duration on transfer of cadmium between naturally contaminated sediments and burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia rigida). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 295-301. 

Mayfly, Baetis thermicus whole larvae Japan metal-contaminated river (28.6 pg Cu/L) vs. reference site 73.5 FW vs. 4.0 FW Cu localized in midgut epithelial cells 46... 

Mayflies, four species whole nymphs Beach hopper (amphipod), Orchestla gammarellus whole North Sea 1989-90 reference site vs. contaminated site... 

Sumi, Y., H.R. Fukuoka, T. Murakami, T. Suzuki, S. Hatakeyama, and K.T. Suzuki. 1991. Histochemical localization of copper, iron and zinc in the larvae of the mayfly Baetis thermicus inhabiting a river polluted with heavy metals. Zool. Sci. (Japan) 8 287-293. 

Suzuki, K.T., H. Sunaga, S. Hatakeyama, Y. Sumi, and T. Suzuki. 1989. Differential binding of cadmium and copper to the same protein in a heavy metal tolerant species of mayfly (Baetis thermicus) larvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 94C 99-103. 

Beauvais, S.L., J.G. Wiener, and G.J. Atchison. 1995. Cadmium and mercury in sediment and burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia) in the upper Mississippi River, USA. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28 178-183. 

Mayfly, Ephemerella walkerr, 100 pg/L for 1 h No avoidance of acrolein by nymphs 17... 

Folmar, L.C. 1978. Avoidance chamber responses of mayfly nymphs exposed to eight herbicides. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 312-318. 

Mortality after 72 h, 32% in caged bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), 50 to 70% in mayfly nymphs (Siphlonurus sp.), and 32% in predatory diving beetles (Washino etal. 1972)... 

After 63 days, 46-55% mortality in centrarchid populations, and 75% reduction in insect populations of caddisflies, mayflies, and midges (Macek et al. 1972)... 

Freshwater macroinvertebrates were comparatively sensitive to diazinon (Table 16.7). Results of large-scale experimental stream studies (Arthur et al. 1983) showed that dose levels of 0.3 pg diazinon/L caused a five- to eightfold reduction in emergence of mayflies and caddisflies within 3 weeks. After 12 weeks, mayflies, damselflies, caddisflies, and amphipods were absent from benthic samples. Elevated (and catastrophic) drift of stream invertebrates was also documented in diazinon-treated streams, especially for amphipods, leeches, and snails (Arthur et al. 1983). Shortterm tests of 5-h duration with rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) show a 50% reduction in feeding... 

Next in sensitivity are aquatic insects, including mayflies, chironomids, caddisflies, and midges. Diflubenzuron concentrations between 0.1 and 1.9 pg/L medium produce low emergence and survival. 

Mayfly, Callibaetis sp. 10 Chironomid, Chironomus decorus, LC90 (168 h), nymphs 7... 

These same dosages suppress nontarget populations of cladocerans, copepods, mayfly nymphs, corixids, and springtails (Miura and Takahashi 1975 Mulla etal. 1975 Booth and Ferrell 1977 Julin and Sanders 1978 Ah and Lord 1980a Cunningham 1986 Ali et al. 1988). 

Mayfly, Hexagenia bi ineata upper Mississippi River, 210-4100 DW 1200-29,000 LW 46... 

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