Maximum permissible chloride

Toxicity. Methylene chloride is widely used in paint strippers and several non-fatal and fatal cases of accidental inhalation have been reported. The maximum permissible atmospheric concentration is 200 ppm and the temporary estimated acceptable daily intake is up to 500 pg/kg. 

The need for improved sampling and analytical techniques for monitoring employee exposure extends to substances other than the trace metals. The "no detectable limit philosophy for occupational exposure to carcinogens dates back to the 1974 situation with vinyl chloride in which NIOSH recommended that airborne concentrations be reduced "to levels not detectable by the recommended method (1 ppm) (16). Very low maximum permissible exposure levels are likely to be recommended in the future for substances which are determined to be potential human carcinogens. 

At work with vinyl chloride in concentration, basically not exceeding maximum permissible concentration, at sexological observation has revealed almost infringements of copulative cycle in 60 % of workers. 

Abstract. Nickel and its compounds are widely used in various manufactures such as machine-building plants, galvanic industry, metallurgy and others. The basic chemical factors in the galvanic industry are aerosols of sulfate and chloride of nickel, which concentration in air of the working zone did not exceed the maximum permissible level Influence of solutions on skin is limited by the use of individual protective devices. The analysis of condition of reproductive health of working women exposed to nickel has not revealed any statistical connection between morbidity and exposure to this metal. Prevailing diseases were a climacteric syndrome, hysteroptosis and colpoptosis. Activation humoral immunity and the sensibility to nickel were found in workers exposed to nickel... 

The basic chemical factors in the galvanic industry are aerosols of sulfate and chloride of nickel which concentration in air of the working zone did not exceed the maximum permissible level. Influence of solutions on skin is limited to use of individual protective devices. 

Guarantees for achieving the prescribed quality of the treated effluent (which must meet the standards set by Statutory Pollution Control Authorities wherein the pH, maximum TDS—total dissolved solid concentration, minimum dissolved oxygen, and maximum permissible concentration of heavy metals, chlorides, nitrates, and sulphates are given). 

Maximum permissible content of all impurities such as iron (which imparts an unacceptable yellow-brown colour to most products), chlorides (which corrode equipment, including SS-316), calcium salts (which increase concentration of insolubles) shorrld be clearly specified. It is important to cleariy mention whether the presence of certain other impurities is allowed (even in traces), especially those likely to cartse side reactions, contanrinate the product or corrode eqrripment... 

Sears 189) and Heston et al. 190) used the adsorption of sodium hydroxide for the determination of the surface area of colloidal silica. An empirical factor was used for the conversion of alkali consumption into surface area. This is permissible provided the packing density of surface silanols is constant. The determination was performed in concentrated sodium chloride solution in order to keep down the dissolution of silica. Using the same technique, it was found in my laboratory that all surface silanol groups as determined by other methods are neutralized at pH 9.0. At higher pH, siloxane bonds in the surface were opened. A maximum in the sorption of Na+ ions occurred usually at pH 10.5-10.6 which corresponded to a packing density of ca. 5 OH/100 A. On further addition of alkali, silicate ions H3Si04 went into solution. 

OSHA lists an 8-hour Time-Weighted Average-Permissible Exposure Limit (TWA-PEL) of 100 ppm for methyl chloride. TWA-PEL is the exposure limit that shall not be exceeded by the 8-hour TWA in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour workweek. In addition, OSHA lists an acceptable ceiling concentration of 200 ppm for methyl chloride. The acceptable ceiling concentration is the exposure limit that shall not be exceeded at any time during an 8-hour shift. Methyl chloride has an exception in that it has an acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration of 300 ppm for an 8-hour shift as long as the maximum duration is only once for 5 minutes in any hour [3]. 

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