Maximum facilitation factor, effect

The effect of changing the value of the dimensionless maximum facilitation factor, o, and the dimensionless equilibrium constant, 8, is given in Figs. 3 and 4. The mixing cup concentration is strongly influenced by the value of a. The maximum facilitation factor can be increased by dissolving more carrier in the membrane... 

Figure 3. The effect of the maximum facilitation factor on the dimensionless mixing-cup concentration for Sh =1, 6 = 15.

Facilitated transport of penicilHn-G in a SLM system using tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate and various amines as carriers and dichloromethane, butyl acetate, etc., as the solvents has been reported [57,58]. Tertiary and secondary amines were found to be more efficient carriers in view of their easy accessibility for back extraction, the extraction being faciUtated by co-transport of a proton. The effects of flow rates, carrier concentrations, initial penicilHn-G concentration, and pH of feed and stripping phases on transport rate of penicillin-G was investigated. Under optimized pH conditions, i. e., extraction at pH 6.0-6.5 and re-extraction at pH 7.0, no decomposition of peniciUin-G occurred. The same SLM system has been applied for selective separation of penicilHn-G from a mixture containing phenyl acetic acid with a maximum separation factor of 1.8 under a liquid membrane diffusion controlled mechanism [59]. Tsikas et al. [60] studied the combined extraction of peniciUin-G and enzymatic hydrolysis of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) in a hollow fiber carrier (Amberlite LA-2) mediated SLM system. 

In analyzing the effect of the polymer concentration on magnetic field-induced changes in phase transition temperatures, two factors should be taken into account. First, as concentration increases, the number of macromolecules capable of orientation in the magnetic field grows as a consequence, Tph should increase. Second, a rise in the polymer concentration in solution facilitates densification of the fluctuation network of entanglements. This impedes the occurrence of orientation processes and weakens the effect of the magnetic field. On the whole, the concentration dependence of AT is apparently described by a curve with a maximum. 

In summary, the literature indicates that the relationship between workload and SA is a complex one with many dimensions. Increased levels of workload can potentially adversely impact SA, as resources become diminished. If mental capacity is exceeded, SA may become degraded however, individuals experiencing very high levels of workload can stiU achieve maximum levels of SA due to factors such as experience and the use of mental models (Endsley, 1995), which direct attention to SA elements and facilitate their comprehension. The effect of low levels of workload on SA is equally divergent. Individuals working under low workload conditions... 

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