Mast cell tumors

Green and Robinson109 pointed out that sulfatides are present not only in the tissue of the central-nervous system, but also in other organs, namely, kidney, liver, and spleen (and in mast-cell tumor). From the point of view of physiology, a noteworthy characteristic of the sulfatides is the extremely slow turnover in the brain, in contrast to that in the other organs. Also, they accumulate continuously in the brain. 

Tryptase Mast cell tumors Mast cells... 

Silbert, J. E., Biosynthesis of heparin. III. Formation of a sulfated glycosamino-glycan with a microsomal preparation from mast cell tumors. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 5146-5152 (1967). 

Pavlin D, Cemazar M, Coer A, Sersa G, Pogacnik A, Tozon N (2011) Electrogene therapy with interleukin-12 in canine mast cell tumors. Radiol Oncol 45 31-39... 

Whereas the existence of covalently bound complexes between the chondroitin sulfates and protein has been recognized for many years, it has not been clear whether or not heparin occum in the native state as a similar complex, and conflicting reports have appeared in the literature. In a study of heparin from mast cell tumor (Korn, 1959a), no evidence was obtained for the existence of a covalently linked complex. In contrast, the presence of several ninhydrin-positivc compounds which were assumed to be amino acids could be demonstrated by paper chromatography of heparin hydrolysates (Green et al., 1961). 

The macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor level in plasma is elevated in thrombotic conditions associated with malignancy (93). Likewise, mast cell-derived platelet-activating factor levels in plasma are increased in thrombotic conditions accompanied by mast cell activation (93). 

Furuta, G.T., Schmidt-Choudhury, A., Wang, M.Y., Wang, Z.S., Lu, L., Furlano, R.I. and Wershil, B.K (1997) Mast cell-dependent tumor necrosis factor alpha... 

In the proper cellular context in B cells, NK cells and mast cells, Syk kinase has been shown to transduce cell growth and survival signals by activating PI3K/Akt and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways [3,46]. When deregulated, Syk activity can promote myelodysplasias, leukemogenesis, and perhaps viral-media ted cellular transformations [47,48]. By contrast, Syk has also been proposed to function as a tumor suppressor [49]. This is however, based on... 

McLachlan JB, Hart JP, Pizzo SV, et al Mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces hypertrophy of draining lymph nodes during infection. Nat Immunol 2003 4 1199-1205. 

There is some evidence that adenosine also participates in modulating peripheral somatosensory function through A3 receptors on immune cells. A predominant response to the activation of A3 receptors is degranulation of mast cells causing the release of multiple proinflammatory mediators (IL-6/IL-10/IL-12). Further involvement of A3 receptors in pain and inflammation may be a result of adenosine-mediated inhibition of the release of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages. 

Bradding P, Roberts JA, Britten KM, Montefort S, et al. 1994. Interleukin-4, -5, and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and asthmatic airways Evidence for the human mast cell as a source of these cytokines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 10 471—480. 

Bissonnette, E.Y., 1996. Histamine inhibits tumor necrosis factor a release by mast cells through H2 and H3 receptors. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 14, 620-626. 

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