Massage

Isoproterenol may also be used in cardiac arrest. It is often adrninistered as an iv or intracardiac bolus along with sustained external cardiac massage to circulate the dmg and stimulate the SA pacemaker to resume automaticity (86). 

The nurse should insert the needle at a 15-degree angle between the upper layers of the skin. The nurse should not aspirate the syringe or massage the area Injection produces a small wheal (raised area) on the outer surface of the skin. If a wheal does not appear on the outer surface of the skin, there is a good possibility that the drug entered the SC tissue, and any test results would be inaccurate. 

If patients have a problem retaining die system, placing die system in die upper conjunctival cul-de-sac is preferable The nurse can manipulate die system from die lower to die upper conjunctival cul-de-sac using gentie massage through die eyelid. The nurse contacts die primary healdi care provider if die symptoms of glaucoma increase, if die patient is unable to retain the ocular system, or if redness, eye irritation, or excessive secretions are noted. 

The patient then needs to be prepared. In the case of the heel prick, a leg of the infant is massaged or warmed so as to increase circulation to the heel where the puncture is to be made. The site from which the collection of blood is made, is determined by the size of the infant. In prematures, where the fingers are extremely tiny, one has no choice but to obtain the specimen from the heel. In older children, the large toe may be used. In using the heel, one does not use the bottom of the heel because here the capillaries lie deep. One uses instead the back of the heel, where the capillaries come near the surface. Generally, sterile scapel blades or lances are used to puncture the skin and obtain the blood flow. Figure 8 illustrates the process of obtaining the specimen. 

If adequate flow does not occur after a reasonably deep puncture, sometimes massaging the leg downward will start the flow, sometimes merely waiting will start the flow. At the initial incision, there is a short period when the capillaries constrict. After a few minutes they relax and open up again. 

For small areas, an ice massage for 5 to 10 minutes can cool the area and add relief.21 This is accomplished by freezing water in a paper cup and removing the top part of the cup to expose the ice. The exposed ice is rubbed on the affected area. Any ice application should be stopped if the area becomes white or blue. 

Injection site reactions Enfuvirtide Onset first new doses symptoms pain, pruritus, erythema, ecchymosis, warmth, nodules, rarely injection site infection All patients Educate regarding use of sterile technique, solution at room temperature, rotation of injection sites, avoidance of sites with little subcutaneous fat or existing reactions Massaging the area vigorously before and after injection may reduce pain wear loose clothing around injection site areas take warm shower or bath prior to injection Rarely, warm compact or analgesics may be necessary... 

Complementary and alternative medicines A group of practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine, including alternative medical systems (e.g., homeopathic medicine and naturopathic medicine), mind-body interventions (e.g., meditation and mental healing), biologically-based therapies (e.g., dietary supplements, vitamins, herbs, and other natural products), manipulative body-based methods (e.g., acupuncture and massage), and energy therapies (e.g., therapeutic touch and bioelectromagnetic-based therapies). 

Vagal maneuvers Maneuvers that stimulate the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system and thereby inhibit atrioventricular nodal conduction. Examples of vagal maneuvers include cough, carotid sinus massage, and Valsalva maneuver. 

Brigitte Mars, an herbalist and nutritional consultant in Boulder, Colorado, has been working with natural medicines for over 27 years. The formulator of the popular "UniTea" line of herbal teas, she teaches herbalism at Naropa Institute, The Rocky Mountain Center for Botanical Studies and The Boulder School of Massage Therapy. She frequently contributes articles to The Herb Companion, Natural Health, Let s Live, and other magazines, and is a member of the American Herbalist Guild. This is her first book. 

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