Mass quality

Mass, quality, size and strength of the bones in the body Absorption by the body of the impact, this varies due to the amount of soft tissue between the blow and the bones Balance and neuromuscular reflexes to protect against the fall The presence of dizziness, sedatives, alcohol, acute and chronic diseases... 

The presentation of the material in Sections 7.3 and 7.4 has been greatly influenced by the work of Wallis (1969), while the remainder of this chapter closely follows the treatment of Collier (1972). These two books represent excellent starting points for anyone seeking further reading. It should be noted that it is customary in the two-phase flow literature to use the symbol x to denote mass quality and z to denote the axial coordinate. In this chapter, x has been used to denote the coordinate and w the mass quality in order to be consistent with the rest of the book. 

For vapor mass quality less then 0.3 correlations (3.1), (3.4) and (3.6) over estimates the test data because of additional boiUng suppression in the confined space. A better agreement with the test data has the correlation [6]... 

It was supposed, that for a high vapor velocity and a thin liquid film the influence of gravity is small and the correlation for up flow was used. Total boiling suppression occurs when mass quality more than 0.3 for a film thickness less than 60 pm. That value is close to the bubble departure diameter observed for flow boiling in a film. When the film thickness is smaller than the critical one, the forced convection occurs with a small heat transfer coefficient. The crisis of the heat transfer was observed for a complete liquid evaporation on a heated wall. While the mass quality less than 0.3, we have the cell or slug flow mode, so boiling is not suppressed. 

The quantity x = MG/M is the mass quality or simply quality in the flow at a cross section of the tube. This equation reproduces the measurements for water, refrigerants Rll, R12, R113 and methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene and trichloroethylene in condensation in vertical, horizontal and inclined tubes with 7 to 40mm internal diameter, at normalised pressures 0.002 < p+ < 0.44, saturation temperatures 21°C < i9s < 310 °C, vapour velocities 3m/s < wG < 300 m/s, mass fluxes 10.8kg/m2s < m < 210.6 kg/m2s, heat fluxes 158 W/m2 < q < 1.893 106 W/m2, Reynolds numbers 100 < Re < 63 000, and Prandtl numbers 1 < Pr < 13. The mean deviation from the experimental values has been shown to be 15.4 %. 

Although both the RMR and Q-system estimated the quality of rock mass at the same level of cavern is fair to good, rock mass quality above the cavern... 

Q system methods are used to evaluate rock mass quality. 

According to the results of rock mass physical and mechanical parameters test and engineering geological survey, rock mass quality evaluation results were obtained. As shown in Table 2 and 3. 

Based on store condition of coal seam and survey results and tests of joints surface in Xiezhuang mine, rock mass structure types are analyzed, and rock mass quality is quantificationally evaluated. The conclusion shows that engineering geological conditions of the working face roof belong to medium. Allowable hydraulic radius are calculated... 

Rock mass Quality (Q) 1.53-3.04 Poor rock 0.86-1.14, Poor rook 1.15-3.04, Poor rock... 

An estimate of the numerical value of the deformation modulus of a jointed rock mass can be obtained from various in situ tests (see Chapter 7). The values derived from such tests are always smaller than those determined in the laboratory from intact core specimens. The more heavily the rock mass is jointed, the larger the discrepancy between the two values. Thus, if the ratio between these two values of deformation modulus is obtained from a number of locations on a site, the engineer can evaluate the rock mass quality. Accordingly, the concept of the rock mass factor, J, was introduced by Hobbs (1975), who defined it as the ratio of deformability of a rock mass to that of the intact rock (Table 2.5). 

Barton et al. (1975) pointed out that Bieniawski (1974), in his analysis of tunnel support, more or less ignored the roughness of joints, the frictional strength of the joint fillings and the rock load. They, therefore, proposed the concept of rock mass quality, Q, which could be used as a means of rock classification for tunnel support (Table 9.6). They defined the rock mass quality in terms of six parameters ... 

When making estimates of the rock mass quality (Q) the following guidelines should be followed, in addition to the notes listed in the tables ... 

They provided a rock mass description and ratings for each of the six parameters that enabled the rock mass quality, Q, to be derived from ... 

Since the knowledge about molar mass determination using viscosimetry and determination of the coil dimensions is of fundamental importance for technical problem solving, these are the main topics of this book. It will give detailed case studies and theoretical background about the different independent variables, like concentration, molar mass, quality of the solvent, chemical nature of the polymer, polyelectrolyte character, composition of copolymers, influence of the substitution pattern for renewable raw materials and the degree of branching. 

In addition to the quality and performance of the fill mass, quality control also includes verification of the specified geometry. 

Sjogren, B., Ofsthus, A., Sandberg, I., 1979. Seismic classification of rock mass qualities. Geophys. Prospect. 27, 409-442. 

The spatial discretization is performed on the basis finite-volume approach. It means, the mass and energy equations are solved within control volumes, and the momentum equations are solved over flow paths — or junctions — connecting the centres of control volumes. The solution variables are the pressure, vapour temperature, liquid temperature and mass quality within a control volume, as well as the mass flow rate at a junction. 

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