Mass Analyzers in Routine Doping Controls

The need for fast, sensitive, and selective mass analyzers that are commonly combined with chromatographic systems has been a major 

The first commercially available quadrupole mass spectrometer, the Quad 200 RGA (residual gas analyzer), was built by Electronic Associates, Inc. (EAI, Palo Alto, CA) in 1964, and its major advantages over competitive systems were its superior robustness and the comparably low costs. Only 4 years later, the first GC-MS system using a quadrupole mass analyzer, the Model 1015 (Finnigan Instruments Corp., Sunnyvale, CA), was introduced having a mass range from 1 to 750 Da with unit resolution. Scan speeds of 50 ms for a defined mass range were possible, and further improvements of mass limits (approximately 4000Da) and resolution (full width half maximum at m/z 1000  

2 Ion Trap MS The evolution of ion trap mass spectrometry started also in 1953 with the same patent of Paul and Steinwedel that described the quadrupole mass selective detector. The applicability of a three-dimensional quadrupole to trap ions was recognized in the late 1950s, followed by several comparable observations using a circular two-dimensional (linear) ion trap.  

An alternative to three-dimensional Paul traps, linear (two-dimensional) ion traps have demonstrated great utility as mass 

In addition to an efficient scan operation mode, ion trap mass spectrometers offer possibilities of MS experiments. With the selective removal of ions from the trap, storage of a precursor ion of interest and its resonant activation,collision-induced dissociation (CID) is obtained, giving rise to product ion spectra that provide information comparable to triple quadrupole MS/MS experiments. Moreover, product ions obtained from CID can be further subjected to isolation and dissociation, which enables MS analyses and, thus, more insights into structural features of analytes and gas-phase reaction and degradation processes. However, also limitations of ion trap tandem mass spectrometry were reported primarily resulting from the low-mass cut-off in MS experiments, which were circumvented for instance by combining in-space dissociation devices with ion trap mass analyzers. 

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