Mason

Numerous empirical equations of state have been proposed but the theoretically based virial equation (Mason and Spurling, 1969) is most useful for our purposes. We use this equation for systems which do not contain carboxylic acids. 

Mason, E. A., Spurling, T. H., The International Encyclopedia of Phys. Chem. and Chem. Phys., Topic 10, The Fluid State, Vol. 

Cerda, J., Westerberg, A. W., Mason, D., and Linnhoff, B., Minimum Utility Usage in Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis—A Transportation Problem, Chem. Eng. ScL, 38 373 1983. 

FIgura 7.1 Two alternative graphs. (Reprinted from Linnhoff, Mason, and Wardle, Understanding Heat Exchan r Networks Computers Ckem. Engg., 3 295, 1979 with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.)... 

The equilibrium shape of a liquid lens floating on a liquid surface was considered by Langmuir [59], Miller [60], and Donahue and Bartell [61]. More general cases were treated by Princen and Mason [62] and the thermodynamics of a liquid lens has been treated by Rowlinson [63]. The profile of an oil lens floating on water is shown in Fig. IV-4. The three interfacial tensions may be represented by arrows forming a Newman triangle ... 

In practice, it may be possible with care to float somewhat larger particles than those corresponding to the theoretical maximum. As illustrated in Fig. XIII-7, if the particle has an irregular shape, it will tend to float such that the three-phase contact occurs at an asperity since the particle would have to be depressed considerably for the line of contact to advance further. The resistance to rounding a sharp edge has been investigated by Mason and co-workers [62]. 

Mason E A and Spurling T H 1969 The VIrlal Equation of State (Oxford Pergamon) McQuarrie D A 1973 Statistical Thermodynamics (Mill Valley, CA University Science Books)... 

Jameson C J and Mason J 1987 The chemical shift Multinuclear NMR ed J Mason (New York Plenum) oh 3... 

Mason T J and Lorimer J P 1998 Sonochemistry Theory, Applications and Uses of Ultrasound In Chemistry (Chichester Ellis Florwood)... 

Compton R G, Ekiund J C, Page S D, Mason T J and Walton D J 1996 Voltammetry in the presence of ultrasound mass transport effects J. Appl. Electrochem. 26 775... 

Mason E A and McDaniel E W 1988 Transport Properties of Ions in Gases (New York Wiley)... 

Camp P J, Mason C P, Allen M P, Khare A A and Kofke D A 1996 The isotropic-nematic transition in uniaxial hard ellipsoid fluids coexistence data and the approach to the Onsager limit J. Chem. Phys. 105 2837-49... 

Mason M D, Credo G M, Weston K D and Buratto S K 1998 Luminescence of individual porous Si chromophores Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 5405-8... 

The type of treatment described here was originally introduced by Scott and Dullien [4], who confined attention to isothermal isobaric diffusion in binary mixtures. Similar equations were independently published shortly after by Rothfeld [5], and the method was later extended to multi-component mixtures by Silveston [6], Perhaps the most complete exposition is given by Mason and Evans [7],... 

Equations (2.10), (2.18) and (2.24) provide the flux relations in situations where each of the three separate mechanisms of momentum transfer dominates. However, there remains the problem of finding the flux relations in "intermediate" situations where all three mechanisms may be of comparable importance. This has been discussed by Mason and Evans [7], who assumed first that the rates of momentum transfer due to mechanisms (i) and (ii) should be combined additively. If we write equation (2.10) in the form... 

The procedure of Mason and Evans has the electrical analog shown in Figure 2.2, where voltages correspond to pressure gradients and currents to fluxes. As the argument stands there is no real justification for this procedure indeed, it seems improbable that the two mechanisms for diffusive momentum transfer will combine additively, without any interactive modification of their separate values. It is equally difficult to see why the effect of viscous velocity gradients can be accounted for simply by adding... 

Figure 2.2. Electrical analog of the procedure of Mason and Evans.

The derivation of the flux relations given here is a simplified treatment which yields the correct algebraic form but does not provide estimates of the various diffusion parameters. A more complete discussion is given by Mason et al. [21]. 

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