Marking behavior

Chang Y., Kelliher K. and Baum M.J. (2000). Steroidal modulation of scent investigation and marking behaviors in male and female ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Psychol 114, 401-407. 

Cyclic analogs of DMT and DET, i.e, 43 and 44, respectively, have been synthesized the aziridine 43 appears to possess activity as a CNS depressant (171), while the pyrrolidine 44 displays some behavioral activity. Compound 44 was active in Hall s open-field test but was less active than DET (38) (23). In attempts to measure hyperthermic activity, 44 was found to be rather toxic in rabbits (111). Oddly enough, no cyclic analog has ever shown activity/potency comparable to its acyclic counterpart. Thus, based only on scant animal data, cyclization of the lower dialkyl homologs apparently does not lead to marked behavioral activity. 

Wyatt, T.D. (2003) Pheromones and Animal Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Yahr, P. (1983) Hormonal influences on territorial marking behavior. In B.B. Svare (Ed.), Hormones and Aggressive Behavior, New York, pp. 145-175. 

Hudson, R., Gonzalez-Mariscal, G. and Beyer, C. (1990) Chin marking behavior, sexual receptivity, and pheromone emission in steroid-treated, ovariectomized rabbits. Hormones Behav. 24, 1-13. 

Fig. 34.2 Response of males (n = 10) and females (n = 13) of L. tenuis to diiferent types of secretion (skin, feces and precloacal) from individuals of the opposite sex presented on a tile. A. Mean number of tongue flicks SE. B. The behaviors exhibited by females when exposed to male secretions marking behaviors (defecation, cloaca and face rub), displays (head bobs, arm and tail waving), and mouth gaping, a behavior that may facilitate the uptake of chemosignals... 

Albers, H. E. and Rowland, C. M. (1989). Ovarian hormones influence odor stimulated flank marking behavior in the hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Physiology and Behavior 45, 113-118. 

Bollinger, K. S. (1980). Scent marking behavior of beaver (Castor canadensis) M. Sc. Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 

Henry, J. D. (1980). The urine marking behavior and movement patterns of red foxes Vulpes vulpes) during a breeding and post-breeding period. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol. 2, ed. D. Miiller-Schwarze and R. M. Silverstein, pp. 11-27. New York Plenum. 

Mayer, J. J. and Brisbin, I. L., Jr. (1986). A note on the scent-marking behavior of two captive-reared feral boars. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 16,85-90. 

Moore, W. G. and Marchinton, R. L. (1974). Marking behavior and its social function in white-tailed deer. In The Behavior ofUngulates and Its Relation to Management, ed. V. Geist and F. Walter, pp. 447-456. Morges, Switzerland International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 

Ouellet, J. P. and Perron, J. (1988). Scent-marking behavior by woodchucks Marmota monax). Journal of Mammalogy 69,365-368. 

Rasa, O. A. E. (1973). Marking behavior and its social significance in the African dwarf mongoose Helogale undulata rufula. ZeitschriftfurTierpsychologie 32,293-318. 

Roeder, J. J. (1980). Marking behavior and olfectory recognition in genets [Genettagenetta L., Carnivora, Viverridae). Behaviour 71,200-210. 

Rosell, F. and Nolet, B. A. (1997). Factors affecting scent marking behavior in Eurasian... 

Whitten, W. K., Wilson, M. C., Wilson, S. R., etal. (1980). Induction of marking behavior in wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by synthetic urinary constituents. Journal of Chemical Ecology 6,49-55. 

Mice with deletion of the D2 receptors have typically exhibited more marked behavioral debility, including reduced locomotion and rearing, catalepsy akin to the... 

Shi L, Fatemi SH, SidweU RW, Patterson PH (2003) Maternal influenza infection causes marked behavioral and pharmacological changes in the offspring. J Neurosd 23 297-302 Soghomonian JJ, Martin DL (1998) Two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase why Trends Pharmacol Sd 19 500-505... 

This exercise and the next both deal with scent communication in mice. We practice two techniques frequently used in the Animal Behavior laboratory In this first experiment, we test a mammal s response to conspecific odors in a two-way choice apparatus, also called a Y- or T-maze, an often used bioassay device. [In the following experiment (Chap. 21), we observe and quantify scent marking behavior in response to two different stimuli in an open field. ]... 

This exercise is the second of the two experiments deahng with communication via scent marks in mice. In this Open-field Test, we observe scent marking behavior of male mice in response to presence or absence of urine stimuli in their environment. (In fact, the open field arena is enclosed and covered.)... 

Male mice mark competitively mostly io fresh urine of other males when compared to aged urine. We can test this by placing fresh urine, 24-h old urine, and 7-days old male urine marks (covered with some wire mesh) in the arena. Observe the marking behavior directly, and connt the number of marks present after about 10 h (or earlier). Note that these different types of urine can interact in their effects Even though 7-day-old urine is of less interest, it will be marked more, if also fresh urine is present at the same time. But the 7-day-old urine will be marked little if it is paired with 24-h old urine (Humphries et al. 1999). 

In conclusion we may say that very marked behavioral patterns are emerging, and that the understanding of reaction mechanisms is proceeding apace. 

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