Ultrafiltration marine organic matter

Benner, R., B. Biddanda, B. Black, and M. McCarthy. 1997. Abundance, distribution, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of marine organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Marine Chemistry 57 243—263. 

After several decades of research, fundamental aspects of the chemical composition and structure of marine organic matter remain elusive. Advances in the chemical characterization of marine organic matter are, in large part, dependent on the development of quantitative methods for its concentration and isolation from seawater. Each of the major methods currently used for the isolation of marine DOM recovers around one-third of the DOM in seawater (solid-phase extractions, using XAD resins or C18 adsorbents, and ultrafiltration). A coupled reverse osmosis-electrodi-alysis method has recently been used to recover an average of 75% 12% of marine DOM from 16 seawater samples however, the method has emerged too recently to have been well tested at this time. 

Ogura, N. (1974). Molecular weight fractionation of dissolved organic matter in coastal seawater by ultrafiltration. Marine Biology 24(4), 305-312. 

Simjouw, J-P., Minor, E. C., and Mopper, K. (2005). Isolation and characterization of estuarine dissolved organic matter Comparison of ultrafiltration and Cig solid-phase extraction techniques. Marine Chemistry 96(3—4), 219—235. 

Hayes MHB, MacCarthy P, Malcolm RL, Swift RG (1989) Structm-es of hmnic substances the emergence of forms . In Hayes MHB, MacCarthy P, Malcolm RL, Swift RS (eds) Humic substances II in search of structme. Wiley, New York, p 690 Amador JA, MUne PJ, Moore CA, Zika RG (1990) Mar Chem 27 147 Benner R (1991) Ultrafiltration for the concentration of bacteria, viruses and dissolved organic matter. In Hurd DC, Spencer DW (eds) Marine particles analysis and characterization. Geophysics. Monograph 63, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, p 181 Chin Y-P, Aiken G, O Loughlin E (1994) Env Sci Tech 28 1853... 

A variety of spectroscopic techniques have been applied to DOC isolated from seawater by cross-flow ultrafiltration or adsorption onto XAD resins. The two techniques isolate very different organic fractions from seawater. Hydrophobic fractions (such as marine humic material) are isolated on XAD resins [48], whereas the organic matter extracted by ultrafiltration is retained primarily on the basis of its molecular size and shape [49], resulting in isolates rich in nitrogen and carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven successful in distinguishing between the specific structures of XAD-bound humics and the carbohydrates concentrated into colloidal size fractions. 

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