Marignac, Jean-Charles-Galissard

Gadolinium - the atomic number is 64 and the chemical symbol is Gd. The name derives from the mineral gadolinite, in which it was found, and which had been named for the Finnish rare earth chemist Johan Gadolin . It was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1886, who produced a white oxide he called Y in a samarskite mineral. In 1886, the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran gave the name gadolinium to Y . 

However, the story does not end there. It was not until 1844 when Heinrich Rose (1795-1864) rediscovered the element by producing two similar acids from the mineral niobic acid and pelopic acid. Rose did not reahze he had discovered the old columbium, so he gave this new element the name niobium. Twenty years later, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817—1894) proved that niobium and tantalum were two distinct elements. Later, the Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1826—1899) isolated and identified the metal niobium from its similar twin, tantalum. 

Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac, 1817-1894. Swiss chemist who discovered ytterbia and gadolima and made many important contributions to the chemistry of the rare earths. Professor of chemistry at the University of Geneva. He made precise determinations of the atomic weights of many elements, and by separating tantahc and columbic (mobic) acids, proved that tantalum and columbium (niobium) are not identical. 

Ador, E., Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac, Sein Leben und seine Werke, ... 

In 1880 the French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817— 1894) studied samples of erbium metal that had been extracted from gadolinite. He discovered that the erbium metal contained minute amounts of a second metal. He named the metal (and the element) gadolinium, after the mineral. 

The Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817-1894), was the first in applying these spectroscopic methods. He was 23 years old when he embarked upon his quest for new rare-earth elements. He demonstrated in 1878 that "erbia was a complex mixture of at least two rare-earth elements, erbium and "ytterbium (Yb), by heating "erbium nitrate and extracting the decomposed salt with water. The little Swedish village Ytterby thus holds a distinguished place in the history of the rare-earth elements. 

One rock contained a mineral that had never been seen before, cerite. Cerite was first discovered in 1803. The last new element found in cerite was not identified until almost a century later, in 1901. In 1880, French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817—1894) was studying a new material found in cerite called samaria. Earlier chemists had identified samaria as a new element. 

In 1879 French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817— 1894) announced the discovery of a new element in yttria. He called the element ytterbium. Other chemists suspected that ytterbium was really a mixture of elements. They searched for ways to separate ytterbium into simpler parts. 

Mosander is given credit for discovering terbium even though he never saw the pure element. In 1886, French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817-1894) was the first person to prepare pure terbium. 

Ytterbium was one of nine new elements discovered in the mineral yttria at the end of the 19th century. Analyzing this mineral posed great difficulties for chemists of the time. The elements in yttria have very similar properties. That makes it difficult to separate them from each other. Three chemists, Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817-1894), Lars Fredrik Nilson (1840-1899), and Georges Urbain (1872-1938), all deserve partial credit for discovering ytterbium. 

In 1878, French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac reported his analysis of the mineral erbia. Erbia was one of the minerals found a century earlier in an interesting new rock called yttria. The rock had been discovered outside the town of Ytterby, Sweden, in 1787 by Swedish army officer Carl Axel Arrhenius (1757—1824). In the century that followed Arrhenius discovery, chemists worked hard to find out what elements were in yttria. Earlier chemists thought erbia was a new element, but Marignac disagreed. He said that erbia consisted of two new elements, which he called erbium and ytterbium. 

The name comes from gadolinite, the mineral from which the trace element was first found. It was identified in 1880 by both Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817-1984) and Frangois Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838-1912) and is part of the complex yttria group. The whitish-silver metal has been used in compound form in specialty alloys, magnets, and phosphors in color television. 

Impure tantalum was isolated in 1825 by Swiss chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac and, in purer form, by Heinrich Rose in 1844. It is found, in combination with its congener niobium, in tantalite/columbite (Fe, Mn)(Ta, Nb)206 ore, with tantalite containing more tantalum than niobium. Its crustal abundance is 1.7 parts per million, with major deposits in Australia, Brazil, China, Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Canada. The ore is concentrated, refined to the oxide Ta205, converted to K2TaF7, and reduced to the metal. 

Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878 and named after the town of Ytterby, in Sweden (the site... 

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817-1894) was professor of chemistry at the University of Geneva. He made very accurate determinations of atomic masses and was complimented for this by Berzelius, who wrote to him The patience you show when you repeat every determination several times, the acumen with which you vary your methods and the fact that you use only such methods as can give reliable results, ensure you full confidence from aU chemists. ... 

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