Minerals samarskite

Gr. prasios, green, and didymos, twin) In 1841 Mosander extracted the rare earth didymia from lanthana in 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a new earth, samaria, from didymia obtained from the mineral samarskite. Six years later, in 1885, von Welsbach separated didymia into two others, praseodymia and neodymia, which gave salts of different colors. As with other rare earths, compounds of these elements in solution have distinctive sharp spectral absorption bands or lines, some of which are only a few Angstroms wide. 

Samarskite, a mineral) Discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in the mineral samarskite, named in honor of a Russian mine official. Col Samarski. 

Name discovered in the mineral samarskite (Samarsky was a Russian geologist)... 

Samarium (Sm, [Xe]4/66.r). Name and symbol after the mineral samarskite. Discovered (1879) by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. 

It should be noted that the ytterbium listed above was a mixture discovered in the mineral erbia by de Marignac in 1878 and not the neoytterbium/aldebaranium element renamed ytterbium that was foimd in the mineral ytterbia. The columbium was a mixture found in the mineral samarskite and was not the present day columbium/niobium. The ionium listed above was a mixture of terbium and gadolinium that was found in the mineral yttria and does not refer to °Th. Finally, the neptunium refers to material fovmd in niobium/tantalum minerals and does not refer to the 1940 discovery of the trans-uranium element produced via a neutron capture reaction on a uranium sample. 

Dysprosium - the atomic number is 66 and the chemical symbol is Dy. The name derives from the Greek dysprositos for hard to get at , due to the difficulty in separating this rare earth element from a holmium mineral in which it was found. Discovery was first claimed by the Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine in the mineral samarskite in 1878 and he called it philippia. Philippia was subsequently found to be a mixture of terbium and erbium. Dysprosium was later discovered in a holmium sample by the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudron in 1886, who was then credited with the discovery. It was first isolated by the French chemist George Urbain in 1906. 

Samarium - the atomic number is 62 and the chemical symbol is Sm. The name derives from the mineral Samarskite, in which it was found and which had been named for Colonel von Samarski , a Russian mine official. It was originally discovered in 1878 by the Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine, who called it decipium. It was also discovered by the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. In 1881, Delafontaine determined that his decipium could be resolved into two elements, one of which was identical to Boisbaudran s samarium. In 1901, the French chemist Eugene-Anatole Demar9ay showed that this samarium earth also contained europium. 

ORIGIN OF NAME It is named after the mineral samarskite. 

Samarium is the 39th most abundant element in the Earths crust and the fifth in abundance (6.5 ppm) of all the rare-earths. In 1879 samarium was first identified in the mineral samarskite [(Y, Ce U, Fe) (Nb, Ta, Ti )Ojg]. Today, it is mostly produced by the ion-exchange process from monazite sand. Monazite sand contains almost all the rare-earths, 2.8% of which is samarium. It is also found in the minerals gadolmite, cerite, and samarskite in South Africa, South America, Australia, and the southeastern United States. It can be recovered as a byproduct of the fission process in nuclear reactors. 

Mosander extracted from the mineral lanthana a rare earth fraction, named didymia in 1841. In 1879, Boisbaudran separated a rare earth oxide called samaria (samarium oxide) from the didymia fraction obtained from the mineral samarskite. Soon after that in 1885, Baron Auer von Welsbach isolated two other rare earths from didymia. He named them as praseodymia (green twin) and neodymia (new twin) after their source didymia (twin). The name praseodymium finally was assigned to this new element, derived from the two Greek words, prasios meaning green and didymos meaning twin. 

The discovery of samarium is credited to Boisbaudran, who in 1879 separated its oxide, samaria from Mosander s didymia, the mixture of rare earth oxides from which cerium and lanthanum were isolated earher. Demarcay in 1901 first identified samaria to be a mixture of samarium and europium oxides. The element got its name from its mineral, samarskite. The mineral, in turn, was named in honor of the Russian mine official Col. Samarki. 

Samarium Sm 62 RE.Lecoq de Boisbaudran France From a mineral Samarskite"... 

Samarium is named after the mineral samarskite, from which the first traces were found. The history of its discovery is very convoluted, and it is part of the complex yttria group. The first suggestion of a new element came in 1846, but it was not until 1878 that J. Lawrence Smith (1818-1883) announced a new element he called mosandrum. His discovery was disputed, and, in 1879, Francois Lecoq de Boisbaudran named it samaria, which was later changed to samarium. The whitish-silver element does not occur in elemental form in nature. It has been used in lighting systems and also as part of rare-earths magnets, in lasers, in infrared absorbing glass, and in nuclear reactors as a neutron buffer. 

Sm Samarium After the mineral samarskite, in turn named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets (1803-1870), discoverer of samarskite... 

By some reports gadolinium was the first element named for a person, but it was probably really named for the mineral that contained gadolinia, and the mineral was named for Johan Gadolin. By the same token samarium was named for the mineral samarskite, which had been named in honor of a Russian mine official. Colonel Samarski. It is difficult therefore to assert that the name gadolinium was meant to immortalize the chemist any more than the name samarium was meant to immortalize military personnel. What was unique about samarium however was its discovery using a new analytical technique spectroscopy. 

There are certain peaks in the history of elements. The two glorious years 1878-1879 were such a peak in the history of REEs. The period was marked hy another important event deposits of a new rare-earth mineral, samarskite, were found in North America. It is of interest that this name is of a Russian origin. Back in the 1860 s a mineral of a complex composition containing rare earths was found in the Urals. It was named after the mining engineer V. E. Samarskii the American mineral proved to be identical to the Uralian one. 

Samarium (after the mineral samarskite) 1879 P.-E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paris (France)... 

Discovery Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in Paris discovered a new element in didymium in 1879. He gave it the name samarium after the mineral samarskite. 

In 1878 Delafontaine made an important observation. He isolated didymium both from cerite and from the mineral samarskite . Absorption spectra obtained during examination of the two didymium samples were different. To Delafontaine this was an indication that didymium was not a homogenous element This interested Bois-baudran in France. Unlike Delafontaine he used emission and not absorption spectroscopy. He found Hnes showing the presence of a previously unknown element In 1879 he announced the discovery with the information that its name was samarium after the mineral. 

Marignac in 1880 also examined the mineral samarskite. Fractional precipitation using potassium sulfate and oxalate gave two different elements. He thought that both were new. Soret analyzed both fractions spectroscopically. He observed that one element was samarium but the other was previously unknown. In 1886 Marignac named it gadolinium after the mineral gadolinite. 

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