Lake Maracaibo

Maracaibo Lake water, pH = 7.72 Concentrate of Satiha River fulvic acids... 

Figure 1. Vertical distribution of principal vegetation belts in the cordillera de Merida, a tropical high range in the northern Andes of Venezuela. The selected transect extends 120 km in the northerly direction across two parallel ranges of different elevation. Vegetation bands appear slanted towards the outer flanks because of greater moisture levels carried by easterly trade winds from the Orinoco basin and northeasterly winds from the Caribbean Sea and the Maracaibo lake basin to the north.

The application of rigorous geodetic procedures in extended engineering projects started in Venezuela in the late 1950s with the Guri Dam and the Maracaibo Lake Bridge projects. 

The Socuy Tule complex supplies water to the city of Maracaibo (1.2 million inhabitants) and to the petrochemical industrial area on the east coast of Maracaibo Lake. There are two reservoirs and two dams which are both connected by a tunnel and canal (Fig. 11). 

The Maracaibo Lake Dyke is located on the east coast of the lake (near the cities of Tia Juana, Lagunillas and Bachaquero Figs. 34 and 35). All the cities along the shore are protected by the dyke which has a length of over 50 km and which is elevated in certain places according to the amount of subsidence. The subsidences are the result of oil extraction which started in the lake area at the beginning of the century. In 1926 the Shell Oil Company of Venezuela started measurements of vertical movements near Lagunillas (Fig. 36) in 1937 these measurements were extended to Tia Juana and Bachaquero oilfields (Fig. 34). 

Maracaibo Lake Bridge is 9 km long, situated in the southern part of Maracaibo city and spans Maracaibo Lake at one of its narrowest parts. The maximum height of the bridge table is 50 m above lake level. The bridge is a prestressed concrete structure the beams of 46.6-m length were prefabricated on shore and later incorporated in the construction process. A total of 544 beams were constructed. For the foundations prestressed cylinder piles were sunk to a maximum depth of 60 m. The bridge has 137 piers with spans of 235, 85, 46.6, and 36.6 m. 

Manrique, E., De Carvajal, G., Ansehni, L., Romero, C., and Chaccon, L., AlkaU/Surfactant/Polymer at VIA 6/9/21 Field in Maracaibo Lake Experimental Results and Pilot Design, 2000 SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, April 3-5, 2000 (SPE 59363). 

Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, Offshore Platform, UVCE/Fire... 

El Tablazo, Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, Chemical Plant Explosion/Fire Fuel leak during truck transfer operations caused storage vessels to BLEVE... 

Of the North American total, about 1,100,000 barrels per day came from Texas, 420,000 from California, 170,000 from Mexico, and the remainder largely from Arkansas, Mississippi, and New Mexico. The sulfurous Venezuelan crudes come from the Lake Maracaibo area and these, like the Mexican crudes, give relatively low yields of naphtha and middle distillates, thus differing from the Middle East crudes. Only small amounts of crude oil with sulfur contents greater than 1% by weight exist in U.S.S.R., Europe, and the Far East. 

Gardner, W. S., J. F. Cavaletto, H. A. Bootsma, P. J. Lavrentyev, and F. Troncone. 1998. Nitrogen cycling rates and light effects in tropical Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Limnology and Oceanography 43 1814-1825. 

The Bolivar Coastal Fields (BCF) of eastern Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, contain five classes of oil as reflected by their API gravities, C15+ saturates-and-aromatics contents as well as their total nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (NSO) compositions. Biodegradation appears to have had a major role in controlling the... 

More recent evidence suggests a role in intracellular vesicular trafficking (Caviston and Holzbaur, 2009). HD is the most common of the (CAG)n/Qn-expansion diseases, despite the fact that new expansion mutational expansions in the Htt gene are believed to be exceedingly rare. The incidence of HD worldwide is about 5-10 per 100,000 individuals. Japan has a very low rate (0.1-0.5 per 100,000), whereas in the Lake Maracaibo region of Venezuela the incidence exceeds 100 per... 

During the period after World War 11 to the late 1960s, the field of marine geotechnology rapidly developed. These developments involved the following areas (1) shear strength measurements, (2) submarine slope stability, (3) Lake Maracaibo, (4) the Mississippi Delta,... 

Tests in the St. James River Estuary in the Chesapeake Bay and in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela indicate that brackish water with lower salinity has about the same corrosiveness as seawater. 

Representative of Current (March 1969 grade of Tia Juana Light from the La Salina terminal in Lake Maracaibo. Assay run on two-drum sample received from Amuay. 

Burgos, G., M. Buijse, E. Fonseca, A. Milne, M. Brady, and R. Olvera. 2005. Acid fracturing in Lake Maracaibo How continuous improvements kept on raising the expectation bar. Paper SPE 96531, presented at the 2005 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas. 

According to the Historia de la Conquista, y Poblacidn de la Provincia de Venezuela, written by Oviedo y Banos and published in 1723 (8), while exploring the Lake Maracaibo region of western Venezuela in 1548 the Spaniards led by Alonso Perez de Tolosa came across ... 

In an account of the Indians of Lake Maracaibo, dating from 1573/75, which included a discussion of their offensive and defensive weapons, Diego Sanchez Sotomayor (9) wrote These Indians have little poison lyeruay, and it does not cause dreadful suffering, even though it is indeed mortal. (E)... 

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