ERK/MAPK

Valjent, E., Pages, C., Rogard, M., Besson, M.J., Maldonado, R., and Caboche, J., Delta 9-tetrahy-drocannabinol-induced MAPK/ERK and Elk-1 activation in vivo depends on dopaminergic transmission, Eur. J. Neurosci., 14, 342, 2001. 

SKBR-3 Breast ERBB2 mainly formed homodimers and signaled via MAPK-ERK. Increased activated integrin (M andPAK2 3-D cultures more sensitive to trastuzmnab, correlating with clinical results. Enhanced interactions with ECM (106) 1 CD 3 3 3... 

A further susceptible point for insulin-regulated signaling pathways is the ribosomal protein S6. Under the influence of insulin, S6 is phosphorylated by a specific protein kinase, the p70 kinase, resulting in increased levels of translation of certain mRNAs. Several pathways including the MAPK/ERK pathway (see chapter 10) and the Akt kinase pathway can contribute to the activation of the p70 kinase. 

The MAPK/ERK proteins are at the lower end of signal transduction within a MAPK module and are generally preceded by two other protein kinases (Fig. 10.2). The MAPK/ERK proteins receive the signal in the form of an activating phosphorylation by a preceding protein kinase known as MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) or also MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK). 

Gupta, K., Kshirsagar, S., Li, W., Gui, L., Ramakrishnan, S., Gupta, P. etal. (1999) VEGF prevents apoptosis of human microvascular endothelial cells via opposing effects on MAPK/ERK and SAPK/JNK signaling. Exp. Cell Res., 247, 495-504. 

M phase portion of mitotic cell cycle including mitosis and cytokinesis during which the cell separates the duplicated genome into two identical halves MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase MEK MAPK/ERK kinase MEKK MAPK/ERK kinase kinase... 

In addition to the P-Ser- and P-Thr-specific PPs described above, there are a number of P-Tyr-specific PPases that reverse the consequences of protein Tyr phosphorylation deriving from RTK and TK activation. Substrates include RTKs themselves and downstream Tyr-phosphorylated signalling proteins such as PKCy, MAPK (ERK), JAK/STAT receptors, kinases, STATs and the CDKs described above. 

Invention Significance MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK) enzymes are dual... 

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) ERKs and JNKs... 

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) ERKs, JNKs, and p38s... 

MAPK/ERK kinase, activates a MAP kinase or ERK through phosphorylation... 

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