Manufacturing variations

These data subject to normal manufacturing variations. 

Each product is derived from individual pieces of material, individual components and individual assembly processes. The properties of these individual elements have a probability of deviating from the ideal or target value. In turn, the designer defines allowable tolerances on component characteristics in anticipation of the manufacturing variations, but more often than not, with limited knowledge of the cost... 

And so they mixed more mixtures Manufactured variations. 

V. Mehrotra, S. Nassif, D. Boning, and J. Chung, Modeling the Effects of Manufacturing Variation on High-Speed Microprocessor Interconnect Performance, 1998 International Electron Devices Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 1998. 

Variational noise - differences between the individual manufactured units, manufacturing variations. 

Special dedicated hardness testers or multifunctional systems are used to measure the degree of force (in kilograms, pounds, or arbitrary units) required to break a tablet. Devices to test tablet hardness include the Monsanto tester, the Strong-Cobb tester, the Pfizer tester, the Erweka tester, and the Schleuniger tester. A force of about 4 kg is considered the minimum requirement for a satisfactory tablet. Multifunctional automated equipment can determine tablet weight, hardness, thickness, and diameter. Unfortunately, these testers do not produce uniform results for the same tablet due to operator variation, lack of calibration, spring fatigue, and manufacturer variation. 

It is critical to minimize the component manufacturing variations in order to build a reliable PEM fuel cell system. We demonstrated that even within the same commercial MEA sample, the thicknesses of the electrode layers and membrane could vary greatly from one region to another. With the current scale of PEM fuel cell production, commercial-grade fuel cell components often display substantial deviations from their product specifications. Such component manufacturing issues hamper the overall effort toward improving commercial PEM fuel cell system reliability. Without adequate MEA quality control, it is difficnlt to interpret antopsy resnlts and to link apparent membrane/electrode problems of nsed MEAs to a particnlar failnre mechanism. Part of the problem is the lack of a nondestrnctive in-line MEA qnality control method to ensnre batch-to-batch consistency. 

S. Bart, H. Samuels, Design techniques for minimizing manufacturing variations in surface micromachined accelerome-... 

Manufacturing variations in the fluid that can affect any of the above characteristics from batch to batch... 

The same is tme for a production engineer. In designing a product or process, in addition to the major parameter settings, noise factors such as manufacturing variation, component tolerance, customer use conditions, and product deterioration need to be taken care of. A good product or process is one that is robust to variations due to these noise factors. 

Routine safety tests are tests to which each individual product is subjected during or at the end of the manufacturing process to detect manufacturing variations and unacceptable tolerances in production and materials that could impair safety. These tests are performed to check the insulation between the primary circuits and accessible conductive parts and measure the resistance of the protective earth circuit. There are two production safety tests required for most products ... 

Instability on exposure to light and air, manufacturing variations, and resorcinol toxicity are concerns. Excessive exfoliation is another concern. 

Bubble point measurements were repeated at similar tank pressures and/or temperatures for repeatability and consistency Because screen pore sizes may vary slightly due to screen manufacturing variations or defects, it was also desired to repeat measurements to verify that... 

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