Manpower Technical

Human Resources Manpower costs - operators - technical staff - support staff - overheads... 

Britain contributed technical innovation, industrial and financial power, and military manpower to the Allied victory. Hydrophones, tanks and aircraft are obvious examples of new weapons, and hardly suggest industrial backwardness or military conservatism. However, innovation with traditional weapons was no less important. New scientific artillery techniques made a bigger contribution to the defeat of the German army in 1918 than the more publicised tank. Even new weapons depended upon tactical innovation to be effective. The army s success was possible only when the different arms - artillery, infantry, tanks (when available) and aircraft - had learned to operate together. The navy s success over the U-boat required the adoption of the convoy system as well as the development of hydrophones. 

While responses to environmental and workplace standards frequently stimulate considerable innovative activity among the environmental and chemical engineers, such activities are not without their technological penalties. Compliance with regulatory requirements frequently requires the diversion of financial resources and technical manpower from other activities, including innovative activities directed to product or process improvements. 

The best exanple of this problem is the cell house operations. Similar copper cell houses of much greater size can be found in every major copper or zinc refinery in the world. The technical challenge far REOCNTEK was to reduce the scale of that technology to the appropriate size for the waste recycling industry without major losses in electrical or manpower efficiencies. 

There are wide variations in the nature and magnitude of the caseload and in the manpower and technical capabilities of the nation s criminalistics laboratories (Peterson). Ideally, the crime scene itself should be surveyed by a trained criminalist who is also responsible for the proper collection and transmission of physical evidence. Unfortunately, this practice is only found in the most advanced criminalistics operations, and even here it is almost entirely restricted to major crimes (bombings, homicide, suicide, hit-and-run auto deaths, etc.). While this approach will never be practical for the investigation of all criminal acts, it would permit realistic collection of evidence and its proper transmission to the laboratory for scientific evaluation. The criminalist must be aware of what he is looking for and of the accuracy, precision, and investigative significance of his measurements. 

Six bills became law, including two authorizations of funds for NASA, a technical amendment on real estate for NASA, amendments to the National Science Foundation Act, an authorization for the World Sciences-Pan Pacific Exposition in Seattle, and an act establishing a National Medal of Science. Published studies ranged in. concern from space and missiles to ground effects machines, and from scientific manpower and education to federal patent policies. As the author, I am pleased that our best seller last year was the study on research in CBR. 

The number of monitoring sites that should be used in the study depends on the diversity of the land use patterns, meteorological regimes, source configurations, and sensitive receptors. This number is limited by the number of technically suitable sites available, the constraints of money and manpower available, and the level of statistical significance or confidence desired in the results. 

The Manpower Challenge. This arises out of the fact that the industry has been increasing at a trend growth rate of 12.5% per year since 1950 while the available number of technical graduates has decreased or at best remained constant (Figure 9). 

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