Manitoba, Canada, elements

Novel geochemical methods that can indicate the presence and composition of deep seated mineralization are therefore essential. In this study, the multi-element geochemistry of soils and their clay-sized fractions are compared for the deeply buried Talbot VMS Cu-Zn prospect, northern Manitoba, Canada. 

Carbon and nutrient element allocation and redistribution, J. Plant Nutr., 22, 1315-1334, 1999. Sprague, H.B., Farris, N.F., and Colby, W.G., The effect of soil conditions and treatment on yields of tubers and sugar from the American artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), J. Am. Soc. Ag ron., 27, 392-399, 1935. Stauffer, M.D., The potential of Jerusalem artichoke in Manitoba, in Annual Conference Manitoba Agronomics, Manitoba, Canada, 1975, pp. 62-64. 

On the other hand, it was found that N. variegatum (growing at Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada) does not accumulate elements such as Zn, Cu, and Cd in amounts comparable to the water milfoil (Myriophyllum exalbescens) and so cannot be used as a biological indicator of contamination (6). The possibilities... 

The INCO, Thompson plant in Manitoba, Canada, electrolyzes 240 kg sulfide anodes in a sulfate-chloride electrolyte. The approximate composition of the electrolyte is 60 g L x Ni2+, 95 g L 1 SC>42, 35 g L 1 Na+, 60 g L 1 Cl-, and 16 g L 1 H3BO4, and the temperature is 60 °C. Nickel, cobalt, and copper dissolve from the anode, while sulfur, selenium, and the noble metals form an insoluble sludge or slime, from which they can be recovered. The anode sludge contains 95% elemental sulfur, sulfide sulfur, nickel, copper, iron, selenium, and precious metals. Nickel is deposited on to pure nickel starting sheets. The anode cycle is 15 days and the cathode cycle is 5 to 10 days. Electrolysis is carried out at a current density of 240 A m-2 giving a cell voltage of 3 to 6 V [44, 46]. 

Like the other alkali metals, cesium is a soft, silvery metal, but it appears golden if it has been exposed to small amounts of oxygen. It is not found in its metallic state in nature it is obtained as a byproduct of lithium processing of the mineral lepidolite. Its most significant ore is pollucite, and the world s largest pollucite deposit is found in Bernic Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Cesium s average crustal abundance is about 3 parts per million. Cesium is the most electropositive stable element and will ignite if exposed to air. Cesium burns blue in the flame test. 

Arden KM, Halden NM (1999) Crystallization and alteration history of britholite in rare-earth-element-enriched pegmatitic segregations associated with the Eden Lake Complex, Manitoba, Canada. Can Mineral 37 ... 

A pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba in Canada is mined for tantalum, niobium and lithium. A lepidolite in the pegmatite is, in addition, the only known commercial source of the element rubidium. In North Carolina, a rich Hthium source is known as the tin-spodumene belt . The ore was used for production of Hthium carbonate until 1998, when the last mine there was closed. 

Rubidium is not too rare in the earth crust, being more abundant than lead. As stone melts crystallized when the earth s crust was formed, rubidium followed potassium in all minerals, as the ionic radii of these two elements are very similar. Consequently there are no typical rubidium minerals. This has been discussed in Chapter 4, Geochemistry. LepidoHte, a hthium-rich mica, is an exception. In that mineral, rubidium can substitute for lithium to such a great extent that as much as 2.5% may be present. One such source is the pegmatite at Bemic Lake, Manitoba in Canada. From mines there, a rubidium-containing lepidolite fraction is obtained and separated as a by-product However, this is not a very profitable business. The demand for rubidium in the whole world is only about 2 tonnes per year and this quantity is obtained in a few hours at Bemic Lake [13.1]. This lepidolite is worked in chemical plants in the US. From the mixed alkali carbonates, rubidium is isolated as sulfate or chloride by advanced separation processes. 

---