Manganese with iron

The ash content is 0.2—0.5% by weight for temperate woods and 0.5—2.0% by weight for tropical woods. The principal elemental components of wood ash are calcium and potassium with lesser amounts of magnesium, sodium, manganese, and iron. Carbonate, phosphate, sUicate, oxalate, and sulfate are likely anions. Some woods, especiaUy from the tropics, contain significant amounts of sUica. 

In some reports Gallionella have been associated with manganese and iron deposits that also contain chloride. It has been postulated that deep undercut pits on stainless steels (especially at welds) containing such deposits are indirectly caused by these bacteria, since the iron-manganese deposition can be accelerated by Gallionella. In spite of numerous literature citings, however, evidence for stainless steel... 

Impurities in mineral fillers can have serious effects. Coarse particles (grit) will lead to points of weakness in soft polymers which will therefore fail under stresses below that which might be expected. Traces of copper, manganese and iron can affect the oxidative stability whilst lead may react with sulphur-containing additives or sulphurous fumes in the atmosphere to give a discoloured product. 

Manganese, copper, iron, cobalt and nickel ions can all initiate oxidation. Untinned copper wire can have a catastrophic effect on natural rubber compounds with which it comes into contact. Inert fillers for use in rubbers are usually tested for traces of such metal ions, particularly copper and manganese. The problem is perhaps less serious in saturated hydrocarbon polymers but still exists. 

Uranium Short-term tests indicate that the practical upper limit for niobium as a container material for uranium is about 1 400°C . Niobium is dissolved in a uranium-bismuth alloy in less than lOOh at a temperature of 800°C". Uranium eutectics with iron, manganese or nickel, corroded niobium at 800°C and 1 000°C It is significantly attacked by uranium-chromium at 1 000°C . 

In the case of a mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, the process is more complex. It can be noted that sulfuric acid most probably interacts mainly with iron and manganese, whereas hydrofluoric acid serves mostly in the dissolution of tantalum and niobium and their conversion into soluble fluoride complexes. Nevertheless, due to the high acidity of the solution, here too the formation of hexafluorotantalate and hexafluoroniobate complex ions, TaF6" and NbF6, is expected. Hence, it is noted that the acid dissolution of tantalum-and niobium-containing raw material leads to the formation of hexafluoro-acids — HTaF6 and HNbF6. 

Minerals belonging to the category of insoluble oxide and silicate minerals are many in number. Insoluble oxide minerals include those superficially oxidized and those of oxide type. The former category comprises mainly superficially oxidized sulfide minerals, including metals such as aluminum, tin, manganese, and iron which are won from their oxidic sources. As far as silicate minerals are concerned, there can be a ready reference to several metals such as beryllium, lithium, titanium, zirconium, and niobium which are known for their occurrence as (or are associated with) complex silicates in relatively low-grade deposits. 

It is to be noted that in the above reaction it is assumed that the reduction of Fe203 is performed by CO, not by C, this being supplied by combustion of C of the coke in the tuyere zone. Some of the carbon of the coke is consumed in reduction of silicon, manganese, and phosphorus in the smelting zone, and some by contact with iron oxides farther up in the furnace, for example ... 

The waste organic acids dissolved and formed complexes with iron and manganese oxides. These dissolved complexes reprecipitated when the pH increased to 5.5 or 6.0 because of neutralization of the waste by the aquifer carbonates and oxides. 

WITH IRON, MANGANESE, AND ALUMINUM OXIDES IN SOILS... 

The reaction of olefin epoxidation by peracids was discovered by Prilezhaev [235]. The first observation concerning catalytic olefin epoxidation was made in 1950 by Hawkins [236]. He discovered oxide formation from cyclohexene and 1-octane during the decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide in the medium of these hydrocarbons in the presence of vanadium pentaoxide. From 1963 to 1965, the Halcon Co. developed and patented the process of preparation of propylene oxide and styrene from propylene and ethylbenzene in which the key stage is the catalytic epoxidation of propylene by ethylbenzene hydroperoxide [237,238]. In 1965, Indictor and Brill [239] published studies on the epoxidation of several olefins by 1,1-dimethylethyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by acetylacetonates of several metals. They observed the high yield of oxide (close to 100% with respect to hydroperoxide) for catalysis by molybdenum, vanadium, and chromium acetylacetonates. The low yield of oxide (15-28%) was observed in the case of catalysis by manganese, cobalt, iron, and copper acetylacetonates. The further studies showed that molybdenum, vanadium, and... 

Acidity Visual perception of poor vegetative plant growth and root, soil has orange, reddish, or purple color with iron or manganese spots, some farmers can taste the acidity, dense growth of Melastoma malabathricum... 

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