Cations manganese

The De Wolff disorder model has been extended to the cation vacancy model for /-Mn02 and -Mn02 by Ruetschi [42]. In this model the occurrence of manganese cation vacancies and the non stoichiometry of electrochemical Mn02 have been taken into account. Furthermore, the vacancy model deals with the explanation of the different water contents of manganese dioxide. Ruetschi makes some simple assumptions ... 

Maltodextrin 182 Maltose 164,165, 181-184 Mandelin s reagent 426 Manganese cations 144 Manganese(II) chloride reagent 333 Mannitol 409,410 Marking the front 132 Marmesin 67 Marquis reaction 352 Marquis reagent 299 Matacil 107... 

Precipitation refers to dissolved species (such as As(V) oxyanions) in water or other liquids reacting with other dissolved species (such as Ca2+, Fe3+, or manganese cations) to form solid insoluble reaction products. Precipitation may result from evaporation, oxidation, reduction, changes in pH, or the mixing of chemicals into an aqueous solution. For example, As(V) oxyanions in acid mine drainage could flow into a nearby pond and react with Ca2+ to precipitate calcium arsenates. The resulting precipitates may settle out of the host liquid, remain suspended, or possibly form colloids. Like sorption, precipitation is an important process that affects the movement of arsenic in natural environments and in removing arsenic from contaminated water (Chapters 3 and 7). 

Low-temperatnre methods provide yielding of lithium-manganese oxides with more oxidized manganese cations since manganese ions are stable preferentially as at lower temperatnre. 

The authors [34] proposed to use perovskites ABO3, where A are calcium cations, or a mixture of calcium and lanthanum, and B are iron, cobalt, nickel or manganese cations, or their mixtures. Besides, aluminates, silicates, aluminium sihcates, zirconates and chromates of different types are added as structure-forming components providing strength and stability to thermal shocks [34]. 

However, a general electron-transfer mechanism as formulated for the pyridinium borate salts (vide supra) is not applicable in this case owing to the difference in the redox products with varying manganese ligands (L). For example, the acetonitrile-substituted manganese cation affords methylmanganese pentacarbonyl as the sole product upon reaction with tetramethylborate or methyltriphenylborate (Eq. 72). 

The LiMn204 spinel structure, shown in Figure 19, can be described as a cubic close-packed oxygen array with the manganese cations occupying one-half of the octahedral interstitial sites and the lithium cations one-eighth of the tetrahedral sites. The interstitial tetrahedral and octahedral spaces in the [Mn2]04 framework are interconnected to form three-dimensional pathways for Li+ ion diffusion (lO -lO " m s ). 

Each manganese cation must therefore be +2 to balance the -2 of the oxide to yield an uncharged ionic formula. The systematic name for Mn + is manganese(II). Monatomic anions are named with the root of the nonmetal followed by -ide, so is oxide. MnO is named manganese(II) oxide. Example 3.8 provides other examples. 

Figure 3.28 Mn K-edge X-ray absorption measurements as MnAPO-18 is calcined in oxygen. The change in edge position edge shift at 450 °C corresponds to the oxidation of framework manganese cations from 2+ to 3 +. [Figure courtesy of G. Sankar.]...

Parasporal crystal are formed during sporulation. Manganese cation is essential for sporulation. Antisera prepared against endospores cross react with vegetative cells. 

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