Malignant breast tissue

Hudelist, G., Pacher-Zavisin, M., Singer, C.F., Holper, T., Kubista, E., Schreiber, M., Manavi, M., Bilban, M., and K. Czerwenka, 2004, Use of high-throughput protein array for profiling of differentially expressed proteins in normal and malignant breast tissue. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 86(3) 281-91. 

MRS DATA FOR NORMAL, FIBROADENOMA, AND MALIGNANT BREAST TISSUES... 

Table 6.5 Input data and computed metabolite concentrations corresponding to normal breast tissue (upper panel (i)), benign pathology (fibroadenoma middle panel (ii)) and malignant breast tissue (lower panel (Hi)) derived from in vitro data of Ref. [31]. Acronyms ppm indicate parts per million, au arbitrary units, ww wet weight, indicates metabolite assignment, Q indicates concentration of Mk, Abbreviations Lac for lactate, Ala alanine, Cho choline, PCho phosphocholine, PE phosphoethanolamine, GPC glycerophosphocholine, /3-Glc beta-glucose, Tau taurine, m-lns myoinositol.

Comparisons of MRS data for normal, fibroadenoma, and malignant breast tissues... 

In a recent study by Elizabeth Snyderwlne and colleagues, cDNA microarray profiling was used to compare the expression profiles for 6900 genes in normal and malignant breast tissues from rats. RNA was extracted from the following tissues ... 

Wirth P.J., 1989, Specific polypeptide differences in normal versus malignant breast tissue by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 10 543-54. 

Recent work has shown that there is a difference in electrical properties between healthy and malignant breast tissues, this is utilised by the active and hybrid systems and also lower frequency electrical inqiedance tomogrrqihy. The current strategies and methods adopted to facilitate detection and diagnosis of breast cancer include Breast awareness and breast self-exam (BSE), Mammography, Magnetic Restmance Inuring (MRI) and tumour markers. Tumour markers are substances produced by cancer cells... 

Breast cancer is a malignancy originating from breast tissue. This chapter distinguishes between early stages, which are potentially curable, and metastatic breast cancer (MBC), which is usually incurable. 

Mehta RR, DasGupta TK (1987) Antiestrogen binding sites in microsomal fractions of malignant and nonmalignanthuman breast tissues. Breast Cancer Res Treat 9( l) 61-67... 

The evidence that tamoxifen was able to exert estrogenic effects on several tissues like the bone (Love et al. 1992) opened the door to the concept of SERMs, which is explained in detail in Chaps. 2 and 3 of this book. The mechanisms of action of these substances on ERs is explained in detail in Chap. 3. However, it is pertinent to comment on some special aspects of its action on mammary cancer cells. IGF-1 is a key element in growth control of malignant breast cells through endocrine and paracrine pathways. Tamoxifen and its active metabolite are able to inhibit IGF-l-stimulated growth (Jordan... 

Spandidos, D. A., Pintzas, A., Kakkanas, A., Yiagnisis, M., Mahera, H., Patra, E., and Agnantis, N. J. (1987) Elevated expression of the myc gene in human benign and malignant breast lesions compared to normal tissue. Anticancer Res. 7,1299-1304. 

R. E. Kast, G.K. Serhatkulu, A. Cao, et al., Raman spectroscopy can differentiate malignant tumors from normal breast tissue and detect early neoplastic changes in a mouse model. Biopolymers, 89, 235-241 (2008). 

A. P. Hoyer et al., Organochlorine Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer, Lancet 552 (1998) 1816-20 S. Guttes et al., Chlororganic Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Breast Tissue of Women with Benign and Malignant Breast Disease, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 55... 

Fig. 8.1. Propidium iodide fluorescence histograms from nuclei of cells aspirated from normal tissue (upper left) and malignant breast tumors. Data courtesy of Colm Hennessy.

Some early studies demonstrated the potential of the new technology [39-41] to examine the differences between normal and malignant colonic tissue [39] and identifying potential subclassifications of breast cancer [41]. An interesting aside to these studies was the different analytical methods used by the authors to analyze and interpret the data. This variability of approach remains a feature of microarray studies and can hinder the comparison of data from different studies. However, there are now processes in place which attempt to standardize at least some of the analyses [42],... 

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