Maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene

Hypalon CP 826. This is a chloriaated, maleic anhydride modified polypropylene having a chlorine content of about 25% and maleic anhydride content of about 0.8%, developed to promote adhesion of inks and coatiags to polypropyleae or bleads containing polypropyleae. It has a solutioa viscosity of 125 mPas(= cP) at 20% soHds ia xyleae and can be used ia dilute solutioas as a wash primer or a tie layer betweea materials that are difficult to adhere. CP 827 is a higher molecular-weight analogue with a solution viscosity of 280 mPas(= cP) at 20% soHds ia 80/20 xylene/methyl isobutyl ketoae. 

Figure 13 Average diameter of dispersed NBR domains vs. phenolic modified polypropylene and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene concentration. Source Ref. 75.

Lu, B. Chung, T.C. New maleic anhydride modified polypropylene copolymers with block structure synthesis and application in PP/nylon blends. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 2525. 

Licomont series (Clariant, Germany) is represented by Licomont AR 504, that is a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, density of 0.89-0.93 g/cm, acid value of 37-45 mg KOH/g. Other Licomonts in the series are lubricants. 

Upon the incorporation of preintercalated clay into maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (PP-MA), the modulus at —50 to 140°C increased significantly [Nam et al., 2001]. The dispersion of MMT in PP resulted in a remarkable increase in... 

Mishra, J. K., Hwang, K.-J., and Ha, C.-S., Preparation, mechanical and rheological properties of a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO)/organoclay nanocomposite with reference to the effect of maleic anhydride modified polypropylene as a compatibifizer. Polymer, 46, 1995-2002 (2005). 

Hasegawa, N., Kawasumi, M., Kato, M., Usuki, A. and Okada, A. (1998). Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Qay Hybrids using a Maleic Anhydride-Modified Polypropylene Oligomer, /, Appl. Polym, Sci, 67(1) 87-92. 

Van Den Oever, M Peijs, T. (1998). Continuous-Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites II. Influence of Maleic-Anhydride Modified Polypropylene on Fatigue Behaviour. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol.29, No.3, pp. 227-239 ISSN 1359-835X... 

Using Maleic Anhydride- Modified Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer... 

This section describes the mechanical characteristics, dynamic viscoelasticity characteristics, and gas permeability characteristics of a modified polypropylene-clay nanocomposite [35]. C18-Mt was used as the organophihc clay, and P01015 was used as the maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene. 

Three types of maleic anhydride modified polypropylene were used as com-patibilizers. 

UlOlO and UlOOl were used as maleic anhydride modified polypropylenes, and MA2 (Japan Polychem Corp.) was used as the polypropylene. Montmorillonite (C18-Mt) exchanged with octadecylammonium ions and synthetic mica (C18-Mc) were used as the clays. 

Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene is then melt-mixed with secondary amine-terminated nitrile rubber (NHR-NBR, known as ATBN) to form a graft copolymer containing nitrile rubber (NBR) segments and polypropylene (PP) segments. 

Hercules Inc., Profax PCO-72 (maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene). Source. Ref. 7. 

Har-160 mica was modified with the various treatment chemicals in a Patterson Kelly blender to coat 1 wt% of the active treating material on the surface. Treated mica products were dried at 100°C for 2 hr before use. The two maleic anhydride modified polypropylene additives. Polybond 1001 and Polypro PC-072, were added to the composite formulation before compounding. Test specimens containing 40 wt% mica were produced by compounding in a twin-screw extruder and then injection molding. 

A third choice used by some compounders is addition of the silane to the extruder or to the mica just before it enters the extruder. This requires good control of addition rates and provision for venting evolved volatile material. The best choice can only be made after the relative costs of these approaches are know. The amounts of surface treatment can be varied but usually range from 0.4 to 2.0 wt%. The amount of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene used in the formulation can also be adjusted over a fairly wide range. The decision as to which approach is better depends entirely on the particular performance properties required because this will determine the amount of surface-treated mica or maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene in the compound. The best way to make an informed decision is to work closely with the suppliers of surface-treated mica and maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene to find the best cost/ performance balance. 

Polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene copolymer, and a polypropylene elastomer blend (TPO) were melt compounded with 2.0,4.0, and 6.0 wt% additive. Additional tests with additive levels of 0.5,1.0 wt, and 1.5 wt% were made with Struktol TR-016. HiMod-360 mica was used at 30 wt% levels in all formulations, and there was a constant 0.2 wt% level of a stabilizer package in each compound. The maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene most effective in increasing performance properties was Unite MP-1000, but many other similar products made by a variety of companies performed nearly as well. To select the very best product, one must consider the relative costs of such additives and required use levels. 

Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene consistently decreased Izod impact but provided large increases in Gardner and unnotched Izod impact. Heat deflection temperature plus tensile and flexural properties were also increased substantially. 

Figure 3 illustrates the change in (/-spacing of a stearylammonium-modified montmorillonite (CisMt) blended with a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene... 

In a study of the properties of composites containing wood cellulose and thermoplastics, it was found that the strength and stiffness of these materials were significantly improved by the use of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (MAPP). ITie nature of adhesion was studied with FTIR, ESCA and SEM. The chemical bonding between MAPP and cellulose surfaces was proven to be responsible for promoting interfacial adhesion. 

The aim of this research was to create novel composites for bulk applications using cellulose as reinforcement. We intented to improve properties of polymer composites reinforced with cellulose by pretreating fibers with maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP). The effect of hydrolytical treatment of cellulose on the dispersibility of fibers in polymers was also investigated. Novel materials based on bacteria-produced polyesters and cellulose were manufactured and their properties evaluated. 

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