Maleic acid 100 INDEX

Uses. About 60% of the MA produced is used to make unsaturated polyester and aikyd resins, which are formed by reaction of MA with glycols. Polyester resins are used in the fabrication of glass fiber reinforced parts. Applications include boat hulls, automobile body parts, patio furniture, shower stalls, and pipe. Aikyd resins are mostly used in coatings (paint, varnish, lacquers, and enamels). MA also is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers and dibasic acids (fumaric, maleic, and succinic). About 15% of MA production goes into the manufacture of viscosity index improvers and dispersants used as additives in lube oils. Several agricultural chemicals are based on maleic anhydride, the best known being Malathion. 

The use of multidetector GPC greatly increases the power of SEC, particularly in the case of copolymers. For copolymers of styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), not only can the molecular weight distribution be determined, using a differential refractive index (DRI) detector, but also the compositional information of SMA (styrene content or acid number) by combining chromatograms from DRI and UV detectors [9]. 

Lange BA, Sinks MH (1930) The solubihty, specific gravity and index of refraction of aqueous solutions of fumaric, maleic and i-mahc acids. J Am Chem Soc 52 2602-2604 Liese A, Seelbach K, Wandrey C (2006) Industrial biotransformations, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... 

Finally, the catalytic activity of DMCs in esterification reactions can be readily combined with their catalytic activity in epoxide ring-opening polymerizations, as was reported by Suh et al. [35]. This study showed that the copolymerization of propylene oxide with cyclic acid anhydrides such as succinic, maleic, or phthalic anhydride, catalyzed by a Zn-Co-DMC, afforded polyester polyols characterized by a moderate molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index. 

Tables Deposition of collagen-glycosaminoglycan conjugates on poly(octadecen-a/f-maleic anhydride)-coated substrates. Fibrillogenesis and immobilization of fibrillar collagen (1.2 mg/ml) was performed for 2 h at 37 ° C in the presence of heparin and hyaluronic acid (0.4, 1.2 and 5.0 mg/ml, respectively). Thickness of the layers was determined ellip-sometrically using the refractive index of 1.6035 for the dried collagen layer. The collagen amount was determined by amino acid-based HPLC analysis after acidic hydrolysis of surface-bound collagen...

Difference in the reduction rates of maleic and fumarlc acids occurs not only at the mercury electrode but also at lead [12, 13], zinc [11, 12], and silver [12] electrodes. It is interesting to note that the differences in reduction rate are not the same on different faces of a lead single crystal. This effect is not noticeable with silver, although in both cases selectivity in reduction of the acids from their mixtures depends on the index of the crystal face. 

---