Malaria antimicrobial agents

Newton P et al. Antimalarial bioavailability and disposition of artesunate in acute falciparum malaria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2000, 44 972-977. 

Newton PNetal. Comparison of oral artesunate and dihydroartemisinin antimalarial bioavailabilities in acute falciparum malaria. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 2002,46 1125-1127. 

Krishna, S., Nagaraja, N.V., Planche, T., Agbenyega, T., Bedo-Addo, G., Ansong, A., Owusu-Ofori, A., Shroads, A.L., Henderson, G., Hutson, A., Derendorf, H., and Stacpoole, P.W. Population pharmacokinetics of intramuscular quinine in children with severe malaria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2001 45 1803-1809. 

Akompong T, Ghori N, and Haidar K (2000b) In vilro aclivily of riboflavin againsi Ihe human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, 88-96. 

The recommendations for the treatment of EPM using pyrimethamine, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine were originally based on the use of these drugs for the treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis in humans. Either pyrimethanune or trimethoprim in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole have been used with some success and have gained widespread acceptance as the treatment of choice for EPM. Pyrimethamine and trimethoprim are diaminopyrimidine antimicrobial agents that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR see Ch. 2). These agents interfere with... 

Of the 110 or so elements there are only about 22 which occur naturally in biological systems. The use of therapeutic agents introduces about another half dozen. In earlier centuries before the advent of selective antimicrobial agents the use of the toxic elements mercury and antimony was very popular to treat the then, more or less, incurable diseases of syphilis and malaria. If a cure was effective it was often a pretty close tun thing with its opposite. 

Pyrimethamine, a folic acid antagonist, exhibits antimicrobial action against the causative agent of malaria and possesses sporontocidal action. It is also effective with respect to the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. It is used for preventing malaria and treating toxoplasmosis. 

Antimicrobial spectrum In spite of structural similarity to the 4-aminoquinolines (for example, chloroquine), the 8-aminoquinolines are effective only against the exoerythrocytic (tissue) stages and not the erythrocytic stage of malaria. It is the only agent that can lead to radical cures of the R vivax and R ovale malarias, which may remain in the liver after the erythrocytic form of the disease is... 

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