Maize Kernels

Tissue-specific targeting of antigens can greatly facilitate the harvesting of proteins. Streaffield et al. [28] expressed antigens specifically in maize kernels, Sandhu et al. 

The methods used to separate the starch vary, depending on the raw material. Maize is normally wet milled. Initially the maize kernels are steeped in dilute sulfuric acid for 40 50 hours to soften the kernels. Next, the kernels are milled to release the germ that contains the oil. The fibre is then separated from the endosperm by milling it finer. Centrifuges are then used to separate the starch from the protein. After this the starch is washed and dried. 

Schurr, M.R., Hayes, R. and Bush, L.L. (2001). The thermal history of maize kernels determined by electron spin resonance. Archaeometry 43 407-419. 

Sen, M., Thevanat, C., and Prioul, J.L. 1997. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of amylose and amylopectin in starch from maize kernel by multiwavelength analysis. J. Cereal Sci. 26 211-221. 

The maize P gene has been implicated in the regulation of phlobaphene synthesis. Phlobaphenes are red pigments that accumulate in the pericarp of the maize kernel, as well as various other parts of the plant, including the... 

Wilson, G.F., Rhodes, A.M. Dickinson, D.B. (1973). Some physiological effects of viviparous genes Vpl and Vp5 on developing maize kernels. Plant Physiology 52, 350-6. 

Table 4.1.18A. Maize yellow (IFN 4-02-935). The whole yellow maize kernel. (From CFIA, 2007.)...

Near-infrared reflectance imaging is a popular technique for spatially monitoring chemical species in agricultural materials.102-115 The technique has been used to investigate maize kernels,116 sugar content in the flesh of melons117 and soluble solids in kiwifruit.118... 

Recent studies have shown that pores on maize starch granules develop during a late maturation stage, i.e. 30 days after pollination (DAP).39 Starch granules isolated from maize kernels harvested on 30 DAP show few or no pores, whereas those from kernels harvested on 45 DAP (fully matured and dried in the field) show a large number of pores.39 Heavily pitted starch granules are observed close to the germ of maize kernels in a dormant state.40... 

Dudley JW, Lambert RJ, Alexander DE. In Dudley JW, ed. Seventy Generations of Selection for Oil and Protein Concentration in the Maize Kernel Crop Science Society of America, Special Publication 1974 181-212. 

Boyer, C., and Preiss, J. 1979. Properties of citrate stimulated starch synthesis catalyzed by starch synthase I of developing maize kernels. Plant Physiol. 64, 1039-1042. 

Dohlert, D. C., and Knutson, C. A. 1991. Two classes of starch debranching enzymes from developing maize kernels. J. Plant Physiol. 138, 566-572. 

Echeverria, E., Boyer, C. D., Thomas, P. A., Liu, K.-C., and Shannon, J. C. 1988. Enzyme activities associated with maize kernel amyloplasts. Plant Physiol. 86,786-792. 

Ou-Lee, T.-M., and Setter, T. 1985b. Enzyme activities of starch and sucrose pathways and growth of apical and basal maize kernels. Plant PhysioL 79, 848-851. 

Ozbun, J. L., Hawker, J. S., Greenberg, E., Lammel, C, Preiss, J., and Lee, E. Y. C. 1973. Starch synthetase, phosporylase, ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in developing maize kernels. Plant PhysioL 51,1-5. 

Pollock, C, and Preiss, J. 1980. The citrate-stimulated starch synthase of starchy maize kernels Purification and properties. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 204, 578-588. 

Vos-Scheperkeuter, G. H., de Wit, J. G., Ponstein, A. S., Feenstra, W. J., and Witholt, B. 1989. Immunological comparison of the starch branching enzymes from potato tubers and maize kernels. Plant Physiol 90,75-84. 

Muhitch MJ A genetic engineering approach to lowering fumonisin levels in maize kernels. Proceedings of the USDA-ARS FusariumiVmaomsm Workshop, Beltsville 1995, p 27. 

These results indicate that intensive maize agriculture in southeast Missouri and northeast Arkansas began around 1000 AD, that the shift to maize was rapid, and 35 to 72% of the diet may have consisted of corn after this time. While several studies report the presence of maize kernels at midwestern archaeological sites as early as 500 BC (38). our data provide isotopic evidence that maize could not have been a significant part of the human diet prior to 1000 AD. Our 6 values of bone collagen before 1000 AD are identical to measurements made on prehistoric humans from northern temperate zones where no Ci, plants could have been consumed (19). Data from nearby archaeological sites in Illinois show a similar pattern of values tiirough time, with... 

MacDonald FD, Preiss J. Solubilization of the starch-granule-bound starch synthase of normal maize kernels. Plant Physiol. 1983 73 175-178. 

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