Main causes of incidents

An overall review of the world activity of existing units shows that they operate on the average with a high stream factor, which is around 310 days/year, and which tends to improve with increasing size. The main cause of incidents is still the synthesis compressor. but also the primary reforming step. 

The main elements of these conditions (21 cases reported out of the 23 treated) are summarized in Table 43.3. The difference between the two types of maritime transport, transport in packaged form (38% of incidents) and transport in bulk (62% of incidents), can be seen in the table. Bad weather conditions and the resulting consequences (13 cases out of 21, 62%) are the main causes of incidents including, in order of importance, ship collisions (5 cases), shipwrecks (3 cases), grounding (3 cases), and loss of cargo during navigation (2 cases). 

In-depth research and historical analyses have shown that the main causes of incidents or failures can be categorized to the following basic areas ... 

Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death in developed countries. Studies relating the intake of dietary flavonoids to risk of cardiovascular disease (mortality from coronary heart disease, incidence of... 

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to take a heavy toll on people in the productive period of life, especially in industrialized countries. Although its incidence has fallen in the last decade, CVD is still the main cause of death in industrialized countries. In the United States and many other countries, it is the number one chronic condition requiring hospitalization, and is also the most prevalent disease condition in the elderly. Despite intensive research, the etiology and the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and its consequences are not completely understood. An important causative factor is hypercholesterolemia, and cUnical intervention studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of correcting it. However, at any given level of hypercholesterolemia, even in combination with all other classical risk factors such as hypertension or smoking, there is considerable variation in the expression of the disease. 

Since the first embolization of PPH performed by Brown in 1979, the reported success rate in 138 patients over a 20-year period was as high as 94.4% [35-43]. To date, 160 patients have been treated at our institution (the first author s institution) by selective uterine and/or internal iliac arteries embolization for intractable bleeding following delivery. Despite the variety of the etiologies and risk factors in our series, no maternal deaths were observed. The main cause of hemorrhage was related to uterine atony, with an incidence of 75%. Cesarean delivery... 

The Flixborough nylon plant accident in the UK (1974) was caused by an open-air explosion of a flammable gas released into the air. It killed the 28 plant employees present and caused extensive property damage in the surrounding area. The failure to perform a full technical assessment of a modification was given as the main cause of the event. The Seveso pesticide plant accident in Italy (1976) is well known for the dangerous release of dioxin due to poor plant safety features and to the underestimation of the possibility of a runaway reaction. The Bhopal incident in India (1984), at another pesticide plant, killed an estimated 4000 (although the total number is still unknown). This disaster was attributed to too large an inventory of toxic substances and to very poor staff attention to the operability of safety features. 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) records indicate that between 1992 and 2005 falls to lower level, electrocution, highway incidents, and being struck by an object were the leading causes of death in construction. One-third of the fall-related deaths were falls from a roof, 18 percent were falls from scaffolding, and 16 percent were falls from ladders. Electrocutions accounted for 9 percent of the deaths in construction in 2005. The main cause of electrocution for electrical workers was direct contact with energized equipment and wiring, while over half the electrocutions of non-electrical workers were caused by contact with overhead power lines with objects including ladders, poles, and cranes. 

The incidence of spinal cord injuries (SCI) in the United States has reached 12,000 new cases per year (Center 2004) approximately 255,702 individuals already live with spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. Motor vehicle accidents are the main cause of SCI (42%), followed by falls (27.1%), knife and gunshot injuries (15.3%), and recreational activities (7.4%) (Becker et al. 2003). In all, 77.8% of the cases occur in males (Becker et al. 2003 Talac et al. 2004) with most cases occurring at ages between 16 and 30 years old (Center 2004). 

What are the main causes of rail derailment accidents and incidents ... 

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