Magnetic spectrometers

As the anapole interaction is the candidate which directly breaks parity conservation in electromagnetic interaction [1], it is very desirable to test whether the anapole moment could couple to the p decay or not. This experiment can be performed by solid state detectors as well asby a magnetic spectrometer. There are also other choices for the crystal samples [3] and p sources. Since the anapole moment has the same intrinsic structure as for Majorana neutrinos, its coupling is valid to both p decay and p+ decay. 

Fig. 8.8. Experiment set-up and obtained results. Counter-clockwise, from top left schematic view of the set-up for the activation experiment, accelerated electron spectrum as measured by a magnetic spectrometer, full differential cross section for the reaction 197Au(7, n)196Au (dotted) and bremsstrahlung spectrum reconstructed after the deconvolution calculations (solid), x-ray emission spectrum of 196Au measured after the gold sample irradiation...

Figure 9. A partial spectrum of a particles resulting from the 12C(3He,a0)nC reaction as applied to a Ti6Al4V alloy sample implanted with 3 X 1017 I2C atoms/cm2 at 75 keV. Conditions 3He ions normally incident at an energy of 2.775 MeV, and resulting reaction particles detected at a 135° angle with a magnetic spectrometer. The higher energy peak is due to surface contamination and is resolved from the implanted distribution. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 5. Copyright, North-Holland Publishing Co.)...

When it reaches its full capability, TASCC will accelerate all ions between lithium and uranium to energies up to 50 MeV/u and 10 MeV/u, respectively, It will feed some major pieces of apparatus the Q3D magnetic spectrometer, the isotope separator, a growing array of gas and solid-state detectors housed in a 1.5 m diameter scattering chamber, and the 8ir" Y-ray spectrometer [AND 84], All are currently operational except the 8ir spectrometer, which is being built by a consortium of Canadian universities and AECL Chalk River, with completion scheduled for late 1986. It will comprise two subsystems i) a spin spectrometer of 72 bismuth germanate (BGO) detectors, and ii) an array of 20 Compton-suppressed hyperpure (HP) Ge detectors. 

For determination of the energy of a particles and for identification of a-emitting radionuclides, a. spectrometers are usually applied, having been calibrated by use of a emitters of known energy. Relatively exact determination of the energy of a particles, protons and deuterons can be made by means of a magnetic spectrometer. The relation between the velocity r of the particles, the magnetic flux density B and the radius r of the particles is... 

The maximum energy of radiation can be determined by plotting an absorption curve as shown in Fig. 6.7, or, more accurately, by use of a magnetic spectrometer, as in the case of a particles, but at much lower flux density B, because of the higher e/m values. At the same energy, the velocity v of electrons is much higher than that of a particles which makes relativistic correction necessary ... 

Upper atmosphere chemical processes have been mentioned above, and rocket-borne mass spectrometers have been used to investigate the various species—molecules, atoms and ions—present in the upper atmosphere. Bennett type RF mass spectrometers have been especially useful in view of their small weight compared with conventional magnet spectrometers. Johnson describes a typical mass spectrometer-rocket probe of the atmosphere. 

Keywords Antimatter, cosmic ray, dark matter, gamma ray, magnetic spectrometer, neu-... 

AMS-02 is a magnetic spectrometer which consists of a superconducting magnet and eight planes of Silicon Tracker (STD). It will measure the particle rigidity with 1.5% precision for protons at 10 GV. It is complemented by several subdetectors i.e. a Transition Radiation Detector (TRD), a Time of... 

Lamanna G. High-energy gamma-ray detection with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on board the International Space Station . Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.) 113 (2002) 177-185. 

E. Oldfield and M. Meadows, "Sideways-spinning 20-mm-tube probe for widebore superconducting magnet spectrometer systems," J. Magn. Resonance 31, 327-335 (1978). 

The best energy resolution for electrons is obtained using silicon semiconductor detectors, with the possible exception of magnetic spectrometers. Silicon detectors may be surface-barrier or Si(Li) detectors. The surface-barrier detectors operate at room temperature, while the Si(Li) detectors give best results when cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The energy resolution of semiconductor detectors is determined by the electronic noise alone. It deteriorates as the area and the sensitive depth of the detector increase. For commercial detectors the full width at half maximum (FWHM) ranges from about 7 to 30 keV. 

To understand how a magnetic spectrometer works, consider two particles with momenta and M2V2 coming into a space with a constant magnetic... 

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