Magnetic bottle spectrometer

The combination of magnetic bottle spectrometers with synchrotron radiation from storage rings has opened a huge energy range but also posed a problem. 

Handschuh H, Gantefor G and Eberhardt W 1995 Vibrational spectroscopy of clusters using a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer Rev. Sci. Instnim. 66 3838... 

TRPES has been recently reviewed and details of the experimental method and its interpretation can be found elsewhere [5], Trans-azobenzene was introduced via a helium supersonic molecular beam into the interaction region of a magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer. The molecules were photoexcited by a tunable femtosecond laser pulse (pump pulse) with a wavelength of 280-350nm. After a variable time delay, the excited molecules were ionized by a second femtosecond laser pulse (probe pulse) with a wavelength of 200 or 207nm. The emitted photoelectrons were collected as a function of pump-probe time delay and electron kinetic energy. 

The experiments were carried out in a high vacuum chamber where a beam of atomic potassium K (4s) intersects perpendicularly with the femtosecond laser pulses leading to photoionization. The released photoelectrons are detected employing a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron spectrometer. The 785 nm, 30 fs FWHM laser pulses provided by an amplified 1 kHz Ti sapphire laser system are split into two beams using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the first experiment the time delay r is varied in a range of 80 to 100 fs with 0.2 fs resolution at a... 

A commonly used analyzer in TRPES experiments has been the magnetic bottle time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer [118-120], This technique uses a... 

Photoionization always produces two species available for analysis the ion and the electron. By measuring both photoelectrons and photoions in coincidence, the kinetic electron may be assigned to its correlated parent ion partner, which may be identified by mass spectrometry. The extension of the photoelectron-photoion-coincidence (PEPICO) technique to the femtosecond time-resolved domain was shown to be very important for studies of dynamics in clusters [131, 132]. In these experiments, a simple yet efficient permanent magnet design magnetic bottle electron spectrometer was used for photoelectron... 

Given the pulsed nature of the REMPI process, the electron KEs are almost always measured by TOE methods, either using a conventional (mu-metal-shielded) TOE spectrometer or a magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer. The latter offers the advantage of much higher collection efficiency, with comparatively little loss of ultimate KE resolution. 

Recently an interesting application used a homemade spectrometer based on a 310 mm bore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instrument operating at 2T to record H- and C-NMR spectra of intact unopened wine bottles. Thus, NMR was able to detect spoiled bottles with acetic acid developed in them without opening them. The application could be very valuable for old and expensive wines. 

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