Magnetic resonance imaging gadolinium

Future Applications. The use of gadolinium complexes as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is growing (40). 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium enhancement is the "gold standard."... 

Briicher, E. Kinetic Stabilities of Gadolinium(III) Chelates used as MRI Contrast Agents. In Contrast Agents I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Krause, W., Ed. Topics in Current Chemistry Springer Berlin, 2002 Vol. 221, p 104. 

Gadolinium-dendrimer conjugates have been used as blood pool contrast agents in vivo for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumors [65]. The efficacy of the conjugates in such applications is dependent on their biodistribution properties, and these properties vary as a function of dendrimer molecular weight and chemical composition [50]. Dendrimer architecture and synthesis... 

Keywords Metallofullerene, endohedral, gadolinium, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast agent, relaxivity, cellular imaging, molecular imaging... 

Toth E, Helm L, Merbach AE (2001) Relaxivity of Gadolinium(III) Complexes theory and mechanism. In Toth , Merbach AE (eds.) The chemistry of contrast agents in medical magnetic resonance imaging. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 45-119. 

In particular for fullerenes, antioxidant properties and photodynamic activity are presented in detail, together with the analysis of gadolinium endohedrals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Moreover, drag delivery based on carbon nanomaterials has been illustrated. 

Lin YS, Hung Y, Su JK, Lee R, Chang C, Lin ML, Mou YC (2004) Gadolinium(III)-incorporated nanosized mesoporous silica as potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Phys Chem B 108 15608-15611... 

Rosenthal, D.I. et al. (1999) A phase I single-dose trial of gadolinium texaphyrin (Gd-Tex), a tumor selective radiation sensitizer detectable by magnetic resonance imaging, Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 739-745. 

Mehta, M.P. et al. (2002) Lead-in phase to randomized trial of motexafin gadolinium and whole-brain radiation for patients with brain metastases centralized assessment of magnetic resonance imaging, neurocognitive, and neurologic end points, J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 3445-3453. 

Young, S.W. et al. (1994) Preclinical evaluation of gadolinium(III) texaphyrin complex. A new paramagnetic contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, Invest Radiol. 29, 330-338. 

Copper has been immobilized on glycylglycine bolaamphiphile peptide nanotubes that display histidine residues, and paramagnetic gadolinium, a magnetic resonance image contrast agent, has been immobilized on nanofibers produced from peptide amphiphiles (see Gazit, 2007 and references therein). 

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