Magnetic heating

At present, all over the world the X-ray television systems, instruments based on magnetic heat and eddy-current methods are used to check the air-passengers luggage and to check staff when entering the hazardous objects. In banks, security services and etc. the optic-television and endoscopic technical vision systems are widely used. 

When an ion is in a solvent, the energy associated with its ionic field, being sensitive to the environment, is sensitive to the temperature of the solvent, as we saw in (19). On the other hand, quantum-mechanical forces will be relatively insensitive to the temperature of the solvent. The electrical analogue of magnetic heating and cooling arises entirely, or almost entirely, from the interaction between the ion and the solvent in its co-sphere. 

Magnetic heat capacity of nickel, 133 Magnetic susceptibility, 25 Maleic anhydride, 168 Many electron system, correlations in, 304, 305, 318, 319, 323 Melting temperature and critical temperature for disordering correlation, 129... 

Fundamental definitions for the two primary magnetic heat capacities may be derived [3] and are ... 

Heat capacity contributions of electronic origin Electronic and magnetic heat capacity... 

The original NP- and PP-type preparatory sub-sequences can be refined to partially compensate instrumental problems such as magnet heating during the measurements (see Section IV.D). The results are the so-called balanced NP and balanced PP preparatory sub-sequences. 

To facilitate polymer dissolution, a magnetic heating and stirring unit may be used. Be careful to keep the temperature less than the boiling point of the solvent. Allow solution to return to room temperature before proceeding to step 7. 

Fig. 25 Adiabatic heat capacity for BABI below 200 K (upper left) and over full temperature range (lower left). Magnetic heat capacity after subtraction of lattice contributions (upper right), and with fitted curves (lower right) using the following models (A) square planar AFM system with /2D/k = —1.6K (B) square planar bilayer AFM system with /2D/fc = — 1.2K and interlayer Jjk = — 1.9K (C) AFM spin pairing with Jjk = —2.8 K D is same model as B, with /2D/k = — 1.4K and interlayer Jjk = —1.3 K (from the magnetic analysis of Fig. 24).

Fig. 27 Magnetic heat capacity for PhBABI for 7 < 100 K showing variation with external magnetic field (left) zero-field magnetic heat capacity showing fits (right) to ID AFM chain, 2D AFM square planar, 2D AFM square planar bilayer, singlet-triplet spin pairing (ST), and spin ladder models.

Fig. 32 Comparison of zero-field ac susceptibility and magnetic heat capacity versus temperature data for F4BImNN.

In Eq. (12-27) it is assumed that the magnetic heating effects are confined to the boundary-layer region. Again, as in Sec. 5-6, we are able to write a cubic-parabola type of function for the temperature distribution so that... 

Classical magnets were not well suited to fast scanning, which is necessary for GC coupling, for instance, because of the hysteresis phenomenon and the magnet heating up... 

The excess (magnetic) heat capacity may be represented to a good approximation as the sum of (a) the electronic transitional (or Schottky) heat capacity, (b) the effects of interaction between the electrons and the nuclear spin of the paramagnetic ion, (c) the dipolar interaction between these ions, and (d) interactions for other types of interionic coupling. The last three terms are often small above 2°K. and in some instances can be obtained from paramagnetic relaxation data. In principle, the second and third can also be obtained from paramagnetic resonance data. 

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