Macrophages particle uptake

Thiele L, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Jilek S et al (2001) Evaluation of particle uptake in human blood monocyte-derived cells in vitro. Does phagocytosis activity of dendritic cells measure up with macrophages J Control Release 76 59-71... 

This repulsive steric layer reduces the adsorption of opsonins and consequently slows down phagocytosis. The net effect of PEG attachment is that macrophage/liver uptake of the particles is delayed or reduced, thus increasing the circulation time.1... 

From a toxicological point of view, it is important to study the immune-modulatory properties of mesoporous particles, since they may be considered as a potential pathogen at worse, and may additionally interact with immune-competent cells causing an immune response. Immunological studies performed on mesoporous silica with different particle size and pore sizes showed that particle uptake by human dendritic and macrophage cells (immune competent cells) did not impair their functions or affect their cell viability. Smaller (AMS-6, 300 nm particle size, 4.5 nm pore size) particles were encapsulated into vesicular compartments while the larger (AMS-... 

Contact with airway or alveolar epithelial cells is a prerequisite for particle uptake, and such contact depends on three factors (1) particle deposition patterns (see Chap. 3) (2) penetration of particles through the surfactant and mucus layers that line the alveoli and airways (see Sec. VIII) and (3) removal or failure to remove particles by inflammatory cells. This section will concern itself with the relation between particle removal by inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages, and particle uptake by epithelial cells. 

The foregoing discussion makes it clear that uptake of mineral particles by tracheobronchial epithelial and alveolar epithelial cells is a universal phenomenon, and one that is potentially injurious. Unfortunately, the determinants of particle uptake remain poorly defined. The best understood and probably the most important mediator of uptake is free particle persistence on the airway surface or in the alveolar space particles that are not rapidly removed by the mucociliary escalator or by macrophages are likely to enter epithelial cells. Although there is, in a general sense, a dose-response relation between numbers of particles reaching the airways and airspaces and the numbers of particles entering epithelial cells,... 

Kanke, M., MorUer, E., Geissler, R., Powell, D., Kaplan, A., and DeLuca, P. P., Interaction of microsheres with blood constituents. II. Uptake of biodegradable particles by macrophages, J. Parent. Sci. Technol., 40. 114, 1986. 

Taya A, Mewhinney JA. 1992. Cytotoxicity, uptake and dissolution of 241Am02 particles in dog alveolar macrophages in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 62(1) 81-88. 

There have been many studies on the role of haemocytes in invertebrates, but their role in ingested material is not clear. Haemocytes are the molluscan analogue of the vertebrate macrophage. They are present in the haemolymph and appear to be able to migrate through epithelia, and they are found in the mantle fluid of bivalves and appear to be involved in the uptake of particulate matter. In a study of the clam Tridacna maxima that had been injected intramuscularly with a suspension of carbon particles, it was found that within 24 h the extracted haemocytes were laden with the particles. They had cleared the haemolymph of the particles within 48 h [76], In the tridacnidae some zooxanthellae are... 

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