Macrophages, infiltration and activation

Fig. 4.2 Dorsal root ganglia pathology in HIV neuropathy is characterized by foci of macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration (a) and Nagoette nodules (b). Infiltration by activated macrophages is demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD68 antibodies (c) (scale bar, 50 pm). Reproduced with permission of Wiley-Blackwell Pubhshing (Pardo et al. 2001)...

Numerous studies in animals have investigated the respiratory effects of nickel exposure. Intermittent exposure (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) of rats and mice for 16 days or 13 weeks resulted in chronic active inflammation in the lungs, fibrosis, macrophage hyperplasia, interstitial infiltrates, and increased lung weight following exposure to 0.06 mg nickel/m as nickel sulfate, 0.11 mg nickelM as nickel subsulfide, and 0.4 mg nickel/m as nickel oxide (Benson et al. 1987, 1988, 1989 Durmick et al. 

Acute cellular rejection involves infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the graft and is evident from the necrosis of the parenchymal cells of the graft. The lysis of the parenchymal cells of the transplanted tissue is achieved by the infiltrating leukocytes. Acute cellular rejection may be the product of several mechanisms including cytolytic T-cell-mediated lysis, NK cell-mediated lysis and activated macrophage-mediated lysis. The acute cellular rejection predominantly involves CD8+ T cytolytic cells that kill the grafted tissue. 

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