Macrophages immune functionality

VARiN A, GORDON s (2009), Alternative activation of macrophages immune function and cellular biology . Immunobiology, 214, 630-41. 

Bowser, D.H., K. Frenkel, and J.T. Zelikoff. 1994. Effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophage-mediated immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52 367-373. 

Immune Functionality Measurement of B andT Lymphocytes, NK Cells, and Macrophage Functions... 

Black, P.L. et al., Antitumor response to recombinant murine interferon gamma correlates with enhanced immune function of organ-associated, but not recirculating cytolytic T lymphocytes and macrophages, Cancer Immunol Immunother., 37, 299, 1993. 

In contrast to adaptive immune function, fewer studies have examined effects of TCDD on the innate immune system. Furthermore, of the limited data available, much of it is inconsistent. For example, natural killer (NK) cell activity has been reported to be unaffected,80,93 diminished,94 and increased95 following exposure to TCDD. Although a thorough assessment of AhR expression in all innate cell lineages has not been conducted, neutrophils and macrophages express the AhR,8,96 and neutrophils are affected... 

Mechanism of Action. Although the exact effects are not known, levamisole may augment immune function by activating macrophages and immune cells that selectively engulf and destroy any residual cancerous cells.41... 

In CONCLUSION, it seems probable that some disturbances in immune function do occur in mental illness and are not artefacts of medication or the effects of institutionalization. The known effects of the neuroendocrine system on the immune response and the recent evidence that receptor sites for neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine factor occur on lymphocytes and macrophages, support the hypothesis that immunological abnormalities may assist in precipitating the symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the nature of specific immunological disturbances which underlie these diseases remains elusive. 

Novel opioid compounds have been synthesized that have analgesic capacity, but lack immunosuppressive effects or even potentiates immune function [60,123-126]. In this respect, Nowak et al. [123] recently reported that the delta opioid agonist SNC 80 did not alter NK cell, lymphocyte, and macrophage functions following ICV administration [123]. Furthermore, IV administration of SNC 80 was associated with ex vivo immunopotentiation, following an activating challenge. 

Glaser U, Hochrainer D, Kloppel H, et al. 1985. Low level chromium(VI) inhalation effects on alveolar macrophages and immune functions in Wistar rats. Arch Toxicol 57 250-256. 

Yang, Y., Liu, B., Dai, J., Srivastava, P.K., Zammit, D.J., Lefrancois, L., Ii, Z. Heat shock protein gp96 is a master chaperone for toll-like receptors and is important in the innate function of macrophages. Immunity 26 (2007) 215-226. 

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