Macromolecules, structure

Wuthrich K 1996 Biological macromolecules structural determination in solution Encyclopedia of NMR yo 2, ed D M Grant and R K Harris (Chichester Wiley) pp 932-9... 

Macromolecule single-crystal structure determination, 26 426-427 Macromolecule structure, interactions related to, 13 742-743 Macromolecule X-ray diffraction, Laue method for, 26 442... 

H. G. Elias, Macromolecules Structured Properties, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York (1977). 

Various applications of NMR in biochemistry include structural identification of biomolecules, chemistry of individual groups in macromolecules, structural and dynamic information of biomacromolecules, metabolic studies, and kinetic and association constants of ligand bindings to macromolecules (Wiithrich, 1986). 

Source Modified from Wold, F. (1971). Macromolecules Structure and Function. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. 

This article deals with some topics of the statistical physics of liquid-crystalline phase in the solutions of stiff chain macromolecules. These topics include the problem of the phase diagram for the liquid-crystalline transition in die solutions of completely stiff macromolecules (rigid rods) conditions of formation of the liquid-crystalline phase in the solutions ofsemiflexible macromolecules possibility of the intramolecular liquid-crystalline ordering in semiflexible macromolecules structure of intramolecular liquid crystals and dependence of die properties of the liquid-crystalline phase on the microstructure of the polymer chain. 

The first step of the mechanism of photooxidation of PS is the abstraction of a hydrogen atom on the tertiary carbon of the macromolecule structure, which... 

It is clear from the evidence presented above that a number of factors may influence emission from proteins, these being multi-exponential decays of single tryptophan residues, heterogeneity of environment, presence of other emitting species and nanosecond fluctuations of the macromolecule structure. Only when the contributions of these phenomena have been assessed can any definite conclusions be made about the influence of structure on the photophysics of biopolymers. 

Polymer degradation reactions are frequently categorized based on the site in the macromolecule structure where the reaction occurs. This leads to the following classification of scission reactions a) polymeric chain scission, b) side group reactions, c) combined reactions [5, 3]. These reactions follow one of the mechanisms described previously, but this different classification allows a better correlation of the nature of the reaction products with the structure of the polymer and provides more understanding regarding the expected pyrolysis products. 

Hendrickson, W. A., and Konnert, J. H. 1981. Stereochemically restrained crystallographic least squares refinement of macromolecule structures. In Biomolecular Structure, Conformation, Function and Evolution (ed. R. Srinivasan). Pergamon Press, New York. 

Characterization of a drug substance is to include elucidation of structure. For NCEs, confirmation of structure can be provided by spectral analysis techniques and should include summary information on the potential for isomerism, the identification of stereochemistry, and/or the potential for forming polymorphs. For protein macromolecules, structural details should include information on primary, secondary, and higher-order structure, posttranslational forms, biological activity, purity, and immunochemical proper ties (when relevant). 

Solovyev V., Kolchanov N. (1999) Search for functional sites using consensus. In Computer analysis of Genetic Macromolecules. Structure, Function and Evolution, (eds. Kolchanov N. A., Lim H. A.), World Scientific, p. 16-21. 

Polymers that, in contrast to thermosets, have a macromolecule structure with wide-meshed crosslinks are called elastomers. Their characteristic property is their not being flowable up to the temperature range of chemical decomposition, but they are rubbery-elastic and reversibly deformable, to a large extent independent of temperature (e.g., rubber products). 

In the case of PAG the total destruction of macromolecule structure is not observed and it is more labile since as we discussed earlier even at significant excess of AG monomer in PAG solution the system remained homogeneous (sediment was not formed) and at the decrease of GA monomer concentration in reaction solution (during its consumption in polymerization process) the polymerization solution gradually became transparent again and "micro-salting-out" of macromolecules was stopped. 

Elias, H. G. 1984. Macromolecules structures and properties, 2d ed. New York Plenum. 

BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULE STRUCTURAL INFORMATION HCCH-COSY and -TOCSY Experiments... 

Main Section 6.2 was compiled as a theoretical introduction to the more practical problems of obtaining X-ray crystal structures of biological macromolecules. In fact, although X-ray diffraction has proved immensely popular as a means of biological macromolecule structure determination, the technique is still quite onerous to implement and the possibility for error surprisingly high. These problems will become clear in this section. The first and still the most difficult problem is that of biological macromolecule crystallisation. If there are no well formed crystals then there can be no X-ray crystal diffraction ... 

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