Macroarray

Many formats of DNA arrays are currently available in today s market. These formats include microarrays, oligonucleotide arrays, macroarrays, and microelectronic arrays. Choice of usage of any one of these formats would be very much dependent on the users research applications and budget. The different array formats can be differentiated by the... 

Macroarrays [7] Probes are spotted onto nylon, plastic or nitrocellulose solid matrix 8cm by 12cm with approximately 200 to 5000 genes Radioactivity tag labeling phosphorimager detector Passive Clontech Laboratories, Research Genetics... 

Espinoza, L.A. and Smulson, M.E., Macroarray analysis of the effects of JP-8 jet fuel on gene expression in Jurkat cells, Toxicol., 189, 181, 2003. 

Nitrocellulose and nylon membranes have been widely used in the production of macroarrays (arrays with probe sites of diameter 0.5 to 1 mm), but not so much in the production of microarrays (feature size of 25 to 200 xm) because of a lack of spot resolution (see Sect. 5.2, Spotting of Capture Probes). These membranes exhibit lateral wicking characteristics and the probe therefore tends to spread out from the point of apphcation. Casting of these membranes onto the surface of glass slides is a solution to this problem [28]. 

The advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to directly spot down cDNA amplicons onto membranes, giving rise to the Southern dot blot format. In fact, the dot blot should be regarded as one of the earliest, if not the first, array format (albeit a macroarray). Why did many abandon the membrane in favor of the glass substrate for DNA microarrays ... 

Another macroarray study was described by Campbell et al. using an amino acid bound to the support via the carboxyl group 143 (Scheme 24) [47]. This allows for two more points of diversity as opposed to the above scaffold allowing for a substitution on the amino acid as well as an isocyanide, as the convertible isocyanide is no longer needed. Isolated yields were in the range of 82-99%. 

Scheme 23 Cellulose-based macroarray synthesis of 2,6-DKPs with two representative 3D conformations of 142A (cyan) and 142B (blue). Yield shown represents yield over all steps...

Lin Q, Blackwell HE (2006) Rapid synthesis of iketopiperazine macroarrays via Ugi four-component reactions on planar solid supports. Chem Commun (27) 2884-2886... 

Campbell J, Blackwell HE (2009) Efficient constmction of diketopiperazine macroarrays through a cyclative-cleavage strategy and their evaluation as luminescence inhibitors in the bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri. J Comb Chem 11(6) 1094-1099... 

The Spot Technique Synthesis and Screening of Peptide Macroarrays on Cellulose Membranes... 

Blackwell, H.E. (2006) Hitting the SPOT small-molecule macroarrays advance combinatorial synthesis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 10, 203-212. 

Steward, G. P., Jenkins, B. D., Ward, B. B., and Zehr,. P. (2004). Development and testing ofa DNA macroarray to assess nitrogenase (niJH) gene diversity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 1455—1465. 

Ziegler J, Diaz-Chavez ML, Kramell R, Ammer C, Kutchan TM. Comparative macroarray analysis of morphine containing Papaver somniferum and eight morphine free Papaver species identifies an O- methyltransferase involved in benzylisoquinoline 40. biosynthesis. Planta 2005 222 458-471. 

Larkin, P., L.C. Folmar, M.J. Hemmer, A.J. Poston and N.D. Denslow. Expression profiling of estrogenic compounds using a sheepshead minnow cDNA macroarray. Environ. Health Perspect. Toxicogenomics 111 29-36, 2003. 

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