Ma-huang. See

M-dihydroxybenzene. See resorcinol ma huang. See ephedrine Magic Rocks, 240... 

Stimulant drugs commonly abused in the USA include methamphetamine ("crank," "crystal"), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"), and cocaine ("crack") as well as pharmaceuticals such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and ephedrine (as such and in the herbal agent Ma-huang) (see Chapter 32). Caffeine is often added to dietary supplements sold as "metabolic enhancers" or "fat-burners" and is also sometimes combined with pseudoephedrine in underground pills sold as amphetamine substitutes. 

Ephedrine occurs in various plants and has been used in China for over 2000 years it was introduced into Western medicine in 1924 as the first orally active sympathomimetic drug. It is found in ma huang, a popular herbal medication (see Chapter 64). Ma huang contains multiple ephedrine-like alkaloids in addition to ephedrine. Because ephedrine is a noncatechol phenylisopropylamine (Figure 9-... 

Herbal substitutes for dru [s of abuse A variety of herbal mixtures are offered for sale in magazines, on the internet and in so-called smart , eco or head shops. Many are marketed as herbal Ecstasy and the plants included in the formulations include Yohimbe bark, Kava-Kava (Piper methysticum),Y-3 e.emi, Hops, Jaborandi and Alisma. One product contains Kava-Kava, Guarana, Uva Ursi and Cascara bark. Many of the products sold as herbal Ecstasy contain either Ephedra sinica (Ma huang) or the Indian plant Sida cordifolia which both contain the alkaloid ephedrine (see R03c, Chapter VI). Other alkaloids may also occur, such as pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine. The side-effects of ephedrine include tachycardia, anxiety, insomnia and arrythmias and a hypotensive crisis may develop if monamine oxidase inhibitors are also taken. Many adverse reactions and more than 20 deaths have been attributed to ephedrine and Ephedra consumption. Research conducted in the US shows that the daily intake of some Ephedra products would give ephedrine levels well above the recommended therapeutic doses. 

Ma huang Ephedrine (various Ephedra spp.) Stimulant athletic performance enhancement appetite suppressant Insomnia hypertension, tachycardia psychosis, seizures (see Caffeine, p 142). 

For reviews see (a) Corn RM, Higgins DA (1994) Chem Rev 94 107 (b) Kanis DR, Ratner MA, Marks TJ (1994) Chem Rev 94 195 (c) Etter MC, Huang KS, Frankenback GM, Adsmond DA (1991) In Marder SR, Sohn JE, Studky GD (eds) Materials for nonlinear optics chemical perspectives, vol 455. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, p 446 (d) Prasad PN, Williams DJ (1991) Introduction to non-hnear optical effects in molecules and polymers. John Wiley, New York... 

PA-6/etbylene-octene copolymer-g-MA TEM/mechanical properties/also used amorphous PA Huang and Paul 2006 (see also Huang et al. 2006a, b Yuetal. 1998)... 

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