Europium luminescence

Tan M, Ye Z, Wang G, Yuan J (2004) Preparation and time-resolved fluorometric application of luminescent europium nanoparticles. Chem Mater 16 2494—2498... 

Wu J, Ye Z, Wang G, Jin D, Yuan J, Guan Y, Piper J (2009) Visible-light-sensitized highly luminescent europium nanoparticles preparation and application for time-gated luminescence bioimaging. J Mater Chem 19 1258-1264... 

Bender JL, Corbin PS, Fraser CL, Metcalf DH, Richardson FS, Thomas IiL, Urbas AM. Site-isolated luminescent europium complexes with polyester macroUgands metal-centered heteroarm stars and nanoscale assemblies with labile block junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2002 124 8526-8527. 

Lanthanide label kits are commercially available and will become more and more widely used as the nature of the visibly luminescent europium (red) and terbium (green) complexes utilized is optimized. Significant growth can also be expected in the development of lanthanide labels based on neodymium and ytterbium as their luminescence in the NIR, whilst of shorter lifetimes and requiring specialist detection equipment, is at a wavelength where tissue is optimally transparent, making in vivo uses a distinct possibility. 

Kemper, C. Berggren, K. Diwu, Z. Patton, W. F. An improved, luminescent europium-based stain for detection of electroblotted proteins on nitrocellulose or polyvi-nylidene difluoride membranes. Electrophoresis 2001, 22(5), 881-889. 

Yang, C., Fu, L.-M., Wang, Y. et al. (2004) Highly luminescent europium complex showing visible-light-... 

Figure 2.40 Crystal structure of [Eu3(L )3(H20)e]. View of the trinuclear complex (a) along and (b) perpendicular to the threefold axis [45]. (Reproduced with permission from S. Zebret, N. Dupont, G. Bemardinelli and J. Hamacek, Self-assembly of a trinuclear luminescent europium complex, Chemistry-A European Journal, 2009,15, 3355-3358. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA.)...

Zebret, S., Dupont, N., Bernardinelli, G, and Hamacek, J. (2009) Self-assembly of a trinuclear luminescent europium complex. Chemistry — A European Journal, 15, 3355-3358. 

In addition. Yuan and coworkers described spherical silica-based luminescent europium nanoparticles with a uniform size of about 10 nm in diameter [87]. Interestingly, the nanoparticles can be excited over a wavelength range from the UV to visible light (200 50 nm) in aqueous solution, and could be used for time-resolved luminescence imaging of an environmental pathogen, Giardia lamblia. 

Wu, J., Wang, GL., Jin, D.Y., et al. (2008) Luminescent europium nanoparticles with a wide excitation range from UV to visible light for biolabeUng and time-gated luminescence bioimaging. Chemical Communications, 365-367. 

Six types of Eu(dik)3 complexes were accurately analyzed in the absence and presence of phen, using both infusion ESI-MS and ELD. The LOD by FLD for compounds extracted with acetonitrile were 1-100 ppb. Using ESI-MS, high sensitive and prompt discrimination of luminescent europium S-diketonates can be achieved. The combination of laser samphng and ion trap MS is a powerful analytical technique for the direct analysis of complex samples. Thus, the generation of both negative and positive ions by laser desorption directly within a quadrupole ion trap was apphed to analyze complex samples such as Cr(acac)3. ... 

Nieuwenhuizen and Harteveld [92] have realized a nerve agent dosimeter gas sensor based on the strong interaction between certain metal ions and organophosphorus compounds. In this case, the sensor material contains La(III) 2-bis(carboxymethyl)amino hexadecanoic acid and different factors such as humidity, concentration and layer thickness have been studied and optimized. Using a combination of a metallic complex with a molecular-imprinted polymer, a very sensitive sensor was developed for the detection of soman, a chemical warfare agent (the detection limit was 7 ppt) [93]. The biosensing material is based on a polymer coated onto a fiber-optic probe modified with a luminescent europium detection complex. This complex was... 

M. Alvaro, V. Forties, S. Garcia, H. Garcia, and J.C. Scaiano, Intrazeolite Photochemistry. 20. Characterization of Highly Luminescent Europium Complexes Inside Zeolites. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1998, 102, 8744 8750. 

Hakala H, Mukkala VM, Sutela T et al (2006) Synthesis and properties of nanospheres copolymerised with luminescent europium(III) chelates. Org Biomol Chem 4 1383-1386... 

Chen Y, Lu ZH (2007) Dye sensitized luminescent europium nanoparticles and its time-resolved fluorometric assay for DNA. Anal Chim Acta 587 180-186... 

Linking Luminescent Europium Helicate to A vidin toward Immunocytodetection... 

Heyduk, E. and Heyduk, T. Thiol-reactive, luminescent europium chelates Luminescence probes for resonance energy transfer distance measurements in biomolecules. Anal. Biochem. 248 216-227, 1997. 

Nockemann P, Beurer E, Driesen K, Van Deun R, Van Hecke K, Van Meervelt L, Binnemans K (2005) Photostability of a highly luminescent europium [small beta]-diketonate complex in imidazolium ionic liquids. Chem Commun 34 4354-4356... 

Davies A., D. J. Lewis, S. P. Watson, S. G. Thomas, Z. Pikramenou. pH-controlled delivery of luminescent europium coated nanoparticles into platelets, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 109,1862-1867 (2012). 

Prondzinski, N. v., Cybinska, J. Mudring, A.-V. (2010). Easy access to ultra long-time stable, luminescent europium(II) fluoride nanopartides in ionic hquids, Chem. Commun. 46 4393-4395. 

Fig. 22. Structure of the luminescent europium(III) j -diketonate complex [Eu(tta)3(phen)].

Fig. 48. Tetradentate S-diketones that are used to form highly luminescent europium(lll) complexes for time-...

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