Luminescence chemi

Biosensors are also classified according to the parameter that is measured by the physicochemical transducer of the biological event. Thus, classically biosensors are grouped into optical, electrochemical, acoustic and thermal ones. Optical transducers of most common enzyme biosensors are based on optical techniques such as absorption, reflectance, luminescence, chemi-luminescence, evanescent wave, surface plas-mon resonance, and interferometry. 

On the fig. 1 is given the family of curves displaying the dependence of chemi-luminescence intensity ver-sus time at injection of AO (the arrow shows the moment of inhibitor injection). 

Tilbury, R. N., and Quickenden, T. I. (1992). Luminescence from the yeast Candida utilis and comparisons across three genera. J. Biolumin. Chemi-lumin. 7 245-255. 

New York, pp. 195-229 (b) Gade, L.H. (1997) Hyt was of Gold, and Shon so Bryghte..Luminescent Gold(I) Compormds. Angewandte Chemie (International Edition in English), 36, 1171-1173. 

Fluorescent chemical sensors occupy nowadays a prominent place among the optical devices due to its superb sensitivity (just a single photon sometimes suffices for quantifying luminescence compared to detecting the intensity difference between two beams of light in absorption techniques), combined with the required selectivity that photo- or chemi-luminescence impart to the electronic excitation. This is due to the fact that the excitation and emission wavelengths can be selected from those of the absorption and luminescence bands of the luminophore molecule in addition, the emission kinetics and anisotropy features of the latter add specificity to luminescent measurements8 10. 

Hamilton Umicon Lumicon chemi- and biolumium assay luminometer This equipment is used in test-tube scale luminescent immunoassays. With its sample compartment (thermostatted by means of Peltier elements, which allow the temperature to be set from 15°C to 40°C with a precision of 0.1°K) this instrument is suitable for the measurement of temperature-sensitive bioluminescence resulting from enzymic reactions and also in phagocyte-mediated luminescence measurements. 

Wallace WL, Bard AJ (1979) Electrogenerated chemi-luminescence. 35. Temperature-dependence of the ECL efficiency of Ru(bpy)32+ in acetonitrile and evidence for very high excited-state yields from electron-transfer reactions. J Phys Chem 83 1350-1357... 

DeJong G, Kwakman P. Chemi-luminescence detection for high-performance liquid-chromatography of biomedical samples. Journal of Chromatography. Biomedical Applications 492, 319-343, 1989. 

I. Bronstein, B. Edwards, J.C. Voyta, 1,2-Dioxetanes—novel chemi-luminescent enzyme substrates—applications to immunoassays, J. Chemilum. Biolum. 4 (1989) 99-111. 

Arsenic is oxidised, mainly to arsenious oxide, when heated in nitrous oxide 8 the reaction becomes appreciable at 250° to 270° C. and ignition occurs at 400° to 450° C. This reaction takes place specifically between arsenic and the nitrous oxide and is not due to reaction with oxygen after thermal decomposition of the nitrous oxide, as such decomposition does not occur below 400° C. and is very slight at 460° C. Nor does the reaction resemble that which occurs in oxygen, except that, like the reaction in the dark with the latter gas (see p. 47), it is a surface reaction. No chemi-luminescence is observed, however, and there is no upper critical oxidation pressure. At 360° C. the product contains at least 99 per cent, of pure arsenious oxide, and at 420° C. it contains about 5-8 per cent, of arsenic pentoxide. 

Wolfbeis OS, Durkop A, Wu M, Lin Z. A Europium-ion-based luminescent sensing probe for hydrogen peroxide. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2002, 41, 4495 1498. 

The involvement of the CIEEL process in the thermolysis of [21] immediately offers new insight into many previously perplexing proposals of dioxetane or dioxetanone intermediacy in various chemi- and bio-luminescent reactions. For example, the discovery of activated chemiluminescence for [21], and the finding that intramolecular electron transfer can generate a very high yield of electronically excited singlet (Horn et al., 1978-79), prompts speculation that an intramolecular version (34) of the CIEEL mechanism is... 

The experimental situation has been the subject of several recent review papers, either general or more specialized (molecular beams infrared chemi-luminescence reactions of small molecules in excited states etc. . .). The quantum mechanical theoretical approaches of Chemical Dynamics were also reviewed recently ... 

Figure 3.20 Crystal structure of [ Eu(tpaen) K(H20)3] with K+ and water molecules removed for clarity [Eu, black (large ball) O, grey N, black (small balls) C, white H, omitted], (Redrawn from the CIF file of N. Chatterton et al., An efficient design for the rigid assembly of four bidentate chromophores in water-stable highly luminescent lanthanide complexes, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44 (46), 7595-7598, 2005 [80].)...

Hasegawa, Y, Ohkubo, T., Sogabe, K., et al. (2000) Luminescence of novel neodymium sulfonylaminate complexes in organic media. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 39, 357. 

Werts, M.H.V., Woudenberg, R.H., Enunerink, P.G, etal. (2000) A near-infrared luminescent label based on Yb ions and its appUcation in a fluoroinuntmoassay. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 39, 4542. 

Bi, W.-Y, Lii, X.-Q., Chai, W.-L., et al. (2008) Effect of heavy-atom (Br) at the phenyl rings of Schiff-base hgands on the NIR luminescence of their bimetalhc Zn-Nd complexes. Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 634, 1795. 

Klink, S.I., Keizer, H., and van Veggie, F.C.J.M. (2000) Transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for near-infrared lanthanide luminescence. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 39, 4319. 

Hanaoka, K., Kikuchi, K., Kojima, H., et al. (2003) Selective detection of zinc ions with novel luminescent lanthanide probes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 42, 2996-2999. 

Chen, B.L., Wang, L.B., Xiao, Y.Q., et al. (2009) A luminescent metal-organic framework with Lewis basic pyridyl sites for the sensing of metal ions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48, 500-503. 

Wang, L.Y, Yan, R.X., Hao, Z.Y., etal. (2005) Fluorescence resonant energy transfer biosensor based on upconversion-luminescent nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44, 6054—6057. 

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