Critical upper

Figures 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 provided the evidence that there exists the critical upper and lower limit of pulp potential for collectorless flotation at certain pH. Figure 2.9 further demonstrated the flotation recovery of jamesonite as a function of potential at different pH. It is obvious that jamesonite has very good collectorless floatability in different potential range, which much depended on different pH. The...

Figure 16.7. Liquid-liquid equilibrium curve for ethanenitrile (1) and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2), with a critical upper solution temperature of 354.55 K (12).

Figure 16.8. Graph of Gj /RT for solution with critical upper solution temperature.

The results have been reported (Ref 69) of an interesting study of the thermal cycling of creamed TNT. Irreversible thermal expansion ( growth ) occurs with a corresponding reduction of density. It increases linearly with the maximum temp attained in a manner which suggests the existence of a critical upper temp which must be exceeded for any growth to occur. This temp (30-35°) is close to the eutectic temp (36.5°) observed for a ternary mixt of 2,4,6-TNT, 2,3,4-TNT and 2,4-DNT... 

Crittenden observes that there are generally a minimum temperature below which fouling will not be observed and a critical upper temperature above which the deposition rate falls away because of the changes in the underlying reaction. Two aspects of fluid velocity have to be appreciated in connection with the effects of velocity on chemical reaction fouling heat and mass transfer, both of which are dependent... 

The addition of surfactants to culture media increases the yields of many enzymes. The results presented in Table 4 were obtained with secreted enzymes. No data are available for cell-bound enzymes. In some tests, no enzyme is detectable in the controls, but several units of activity per ml can be found in the presence of surfactants (i.e. infinite enhancement). The values shown in Table 4 are based on the surfactant Tween 80 at 0.1 %. For some systems, higher Tween concentrations give better yields, but there usually is a critical upper level. For some systems, other (nonionic) surfactants such as Triton are superior to Tween. In general, the enhancement factor is greatest for organisms which do not normally secrete much enzyme and least for those organisms already selected for their high yields. But even in the latter, an appreciable... 

Figure 5.12 The peak used for the example calculations of critical, upper and detection limits (see text for further details)...

The upper temperature limit of the bearing types, which are discussed here, is approximately 300 C. The critical upper temperature is also indirectly included in the design rule that the shear stress ratio ... 

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