Near-infrared luminescence

Luminescence Near-Infrared Materials Upconver-sion Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications Luminescent... 

Lanthanides Luminescence Applications Luminescence Near-Infrared Materials Luminescent Bioprobes. 

FOD 14] Foda MF., Huang L., Shao F. et al., Biocompatible and highly luminescent near-infrared CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots embedded silica beads for cancer cell imaging , ACS Applied Materials Interfaces, vol. 6, pp. 2011-2017,2014. 

Luminescence can be defined as the emission of light (intended in the broader sense of ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared radiation) by electronic excited states of atoms or molecules. Luminescence is an important phenomenon from a basic viewpoint (e.g., for monitoring excited state behavior) [1] as well as for applications (lasers, displays, sensors, etc.) [2,3]. 

This brings us to U(VI) as an electron acceptor in MMCT transitions. A few examples were mentioned above already. Krol et al. have shown and used the U(V)-U(VI) MMCT transition in oxygen-deficient uranates [78]. It is situated in the near-infrared. This transition plays an important role in the quenching of the luminescence of uranates. The luminescence of U(VI)02 in solution is quenched by Mn(II) and it has been shown by flash photolysis that this is due to an excited MMCT state Mn(III)U(V) [79]. 

Oliveros E, Braun AM, Aminiansaghafi T, and Sliwka HR. 1994. Quenching of singlet oxygen ( A0) by carotenoid derivatives—Kinetic analysis by near-infrared luminescence. New Journal of Chemistry 18(4) 535-539. 

Terpetschnig E, Wolfbeis OS (1998) Luminescent probes for NIR sensing applications. In Daehne S, Resch-Genger U, Wolfbeis OS (eds) Near-infrared dyes for high technology applications, NATO ASI Ser 3, vol 53. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (NL), pp 161-182... 

See e.g. Hebbink GA, Klink SI, Grave L et al (2002) Singlet energy transfer as the main pathway in the sensitization of near-infrared Nd3+ luminescence by dansyl and lissamine dyes. ChemPhysChem 3 1014—1018... 

D. Hulin, A. Migus, A Antonetti.I. Ledoux.J. BadanandJ.Zyss, Parametric amplification sampling spectroscopy (PASS) Anew technique for resolving near-infrared luminescence on a subpicosecond time scale, Chem. Phys. 46, 75-77 (1986). 

The most important one is the efficient luminescence in the near infrared and the whole visible range. In addihon, PS is an active host for rare earth emitters, for example, Nd of Er, as well as dye solutions. 

Arenz, S., Babai, A., Binnemans, K., Driesen, K., Giernoth, R., Mudring, A.-V., Nockemann, R, Intense near-infrared luminescence of anhydrous lanthanide(III) iodides in an imidazolium ionic liquid, Chem. Phys. Let., 402, 75-79, 2005. 

Klink, S. I. Hebbik, G. A. Grave, L. Peters, F. G. A. Van Veggel, F. C. J. M. Reinhoudt, D. N. Hofstraat, J. W. Near-infrared and visible luminescence from terphenyl-based lanthanide(III) complexes bearing amido and sulfonamido pendant arms. Bur. J. Org. Chem. 2000,1923-1931. 

Crystal-field spectroscopy of dn ions is being extended nowadays to the near-infrared region with interesting results. Vibronic structure is nowadays used to obtain information on the deformation of the excited state. Also in case of the closed-shell d° complexes the excited state appears to be strongly distorted. Among the latter class especially the linear species show efficient luminescence. Molecular-orbital calculations are in progress and will probably yield interesting results. 

The lower energy luminescence of Os(II) complexes relative to the corresponding Ru(II) complexes has led to a number of studies seeking complexes that absorb throughout the visible (black chromophores) and have emissive excited states in the near-infrared. Kol and Barigelletti reported the photophysical properties of Os(II) complexes of eilatin (eil, Scheme 1) and isoeilatin (ieil) bis-phenanthroline derivatives. The eil com-... 

The synthesis and near-infrared photoluminescence of [Os(bpy)2(3,8-diarylethynyl-l,10-phenanthroline)]2+ complexes (AEphen A = methoxy-phenyl, biphenyl, nitrophenyl) have recently been reported. These phenan-throline complexes exhibit emission in the 790-830 nm region. The nitro-phenylethynyl derivative exhibits no room temperature luminescence, presumably because of intramolecular electron transfer quenching [22],... 

Steve Comby and Jean-Claude G. Biinzli, Lanthanide near-infrared luminescence in molecular probes and devices 217... 

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