Lubricants, additive coloring effects

Although the type and amount of each additive permitted in aviation fuels are strictly limited to color dye, antioxidant, metal deactivator, corrosion inhibitor, fuel system icing inhibitor, static dissipator, and lubricity additive, test methods for checking the concentration present are not specified in every case. In some cases tests to determine the additive content (or its effect) are called for, but in other cases a written statement of its original addition (e.g., at the refinery) is accepted as adequate evidence of its presence. 

Catalysts, colorants, foaming agents, biocides, lubricants, and antistats are also used as additives for polymers. Although foaming agents reduce the specific gravity, the other cited additives, when used in moderate amounts, have little effect on the physical or thermal properties of the polymers. 

Modifiers. A very large number of modifications in the cured and uncured properties of anaerobic formulations can be brought about by the addition of components that have little or no effect on the fundamental anaerobic cure chemistry. These modifiers can increase the viscosity, control thixotropy, add color or fluorescence, increase sealing effectiveness, reduce strength, increase toughness, increase heat resistance, provide lubrication, and reduce settling of fillers. 

In any extrusion blow-molding process, there is off-fall or trim that has to be reclaimed. How a production plant handles their off-fall or trim can make a difference as to profit or loss. Use of regrind, as well as the use of color additives and lubricants, will have a major effect on parisons repeatability. 

Latexes (or latices) are widely used as nonwoven binders because they are versatile, can be easily applied, and are effective adhesives. The chemical composition of the monomer determines stiffness and softness properties, strength, water affinity, elasticity, and durability. The type and nature of functional side groups determine solvent resistance, adhesive characteristics, and cross-linking nature. The type and quantity of surfactant used influence the polymerization process and application method. The ability to incorporate additives such as colorants, water repellents, bacteriastats, flame retardants, wetting agents, and lubricants expands this versatility even further (see Latex Technology). 

Commercial plastics are invariably mixtures of one or more polymers blended with a variety of additives such as colorants, flame-retardants, biocides, etc., all tailored to achieve cost-effective performance for specific applications or processibility requirements. For example, flexible PVC for wire insulation contains one or more plasticizers, and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), an engineering plastic, is marketed in several grades which may contain varying amounts of lubricants, stabilizers, fillers etc., in addition to the high-impact PS (HIPS) which is added to PPO to modify impact properties and melt viscosity. 

The parison weight has always been a problem even with parison programmers. You should always produce a parison with the parison programmer and check the parison to determine if you are achieving the thickness in the heated parison at the desired location within the parison. If you use regrind, this will have a major effect on your parisons repeatedly, also color additives and lubricants. 

Plastics are compounds made up of resins (polymers) and additives. Additives, which are used to obtain specific effects in the plastic material during fabrication or use, expedite processing, heighten certain properties, provide color, and furnish the needed protection during fabrication and use. Some of the key additives used in thermoplastic piping are heat stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet saeens, lubricants, pigments, property modifiers, and fillers. Table 2.1 lists some of the main additives used in plastic piping materials and their purpose. 

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