Magnification, longitudinal

FIGURE 3 A thin lens, showing the object and image lengths A/ and A/, from which the longitudinal magnification is calculated. 

Figure 2.26 As in Fig. 2.25. Longitudinal cross section through tunnel. (Magnification 15x.)...

Figure 9.11 A network of longitudinal cracks along the external surface. (Magnification 7.5x.)...

Figure 14.8 Broad patches of smeared metal aligned longitudinally along the internal surface. (Magnification 6.5x.)...

Fig. 6 (A) Scanning electron micrograph of the luminal surface of the large intestine (transverse colon magnification x 60). (From Ref. 9.) (B) Schematic diagram showing a longitudinal cross section of the large intestine. (C) Enlargement of cross section shown in B. (A and B modified from Ref. 10.)...

FIGURE 8.6 SEM of an organo-silica hybrid monolith prepared with the precursor A-octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride to provide reversed phase stationary phase and anodic EOF. (a) Cross-sectional view (magnification 1800 times) and (b) longitudinal view (magnification 7000 times). (Reprinted from J. D. Hayes, A. Malik, Anal. Chem., 72 4090 (2000). With permission. Copyright American Chemical Society 2000.)... 

The prediction of such hot spots of gas transfer at bifurcations is supported by experimental data on ozone-exposed rabbits. Longitudinal slices of airways from these rabbits showed at low magnification that desquamation of the ciliated epithelial cells was focal and sometimes more intense at a bifurcation. 

Although apparently quite smooth and homogeneous, the fibres of ordinary silk show, when examined with a high magnification and with the aid of special disaggregating reagents, very fine longitudinal striation due to the fibrillary structure proper to all silks. This structure is especially apparent in wild silks even under a low microscopic power. 

Figures 8 and 15 reveal ray crossing pits as seen from the inside of longitudinal tracheids. The considerably higher magnification in Figure 15 shows a solid pit membrane. Openings in the pit membrane would expose the cytoplasm to the hostile environment of the longitudinal tracheid lumen and result in the death of the parenchyma cell. Thus, the membranes are solid and do not provide a passageway for free liquid flow.

A chromosome spread is a collection of at least two longitudinal proximate covers its size must lie within a square of certain dimensions which is determined by the magnification. The center of the spread is determined as the arithmetic means of the minimum and maximum coordinates of all the covers. 

Under magnification, rhino horn displays a very fine, tube-like pattern, appearing as lines in longitudinal section, and a compact pattern of tubes in cross-section (Fig. 6.2). 

Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph of (a) isotropic PE foam at a x20 magnification (b,c) transverse sections of PLA foam at a xlO (b) and xlOO (c) magnification (d) longitudinal section of PLA foam at a xlOO magnification, (e-h) Extraction of ultramacropores (e, f), macropores (g) and pore orientations (h) of PE (e) and PLA (f-h) foams.

Figure 1.1. The transverse and tangential-longitudinal faces of the softwood European larch, Larix decidua. The wood comprises longitudinal tracheids forming the axial system of cells, and radial parenchyma mostly in uniseriate rays. Axial and ray canals are also present. Magnification X 125.

Fig. 1. Organization of filaments in smooth muscle cells. A. Vas deferens smooth muscle cell shown in transverse section. Thick filaments are surrounded by multiple thin filaments throughout the cytoplasm. Dense bodies ("db ) are round or oval in shape in transverse section but elongated in shape in oblique sections. Arrow point to intermediate filaments (10 nm) that surround the dense bodies. B. Longitudinal section of portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle cell. Thin filaments (arrows) can be seen inserting on both sides of the dense bodies (db). Intermediate filaments (arrowheads) extend laterally from dense bodies and sometimes connect a series of dense bodies to form a chain. Magnification x 70,000. Reproduced from Bond and Somlyo (1982) The Journal of Cell Biology 95 403-413 with permission of Rockefeller University Press...

Fig. 3 Distribution of injected DNA vaccines. A rhodamine-conjugated DNA vaccine was injected into a tibialis anterior muscle of a mouse shown by light (panel A) and fluorescence (panel C) microscopy ( 5x magnification). A longitudinal section of the muscle is shown in panel B ( 250x magnification), demonstrating the presence of DNA in cells between the muscle fibers. Panel C shows the phagosomal location of the plasmid DNA (in red) within the cells isolated from the injected tissues ( 2500x magnification). (See Color Plate p. xxii).

FIGURE 7.1 Jute stem (combined transverse section and longitudinal section). Magnification x 70. (Courtesy of Dr. C.G. Jarman, Tropical Development and Research Institute, London, UK.)... 

FIGURE 7.6 Longitudinal view of kenaf bast fibers. Magnification x 50 (USDA). 

---