Long term pulse study

The long term pulse study was devised to determine the time required for the alkalinity of a solution in the pores of a sand pack to reduce to zero, lliis method provides a means for estimating the Icxigevity of a given volime and concentration of alkaline chen-ical solution injected into an actual petroleum reservoir. 

Figure 9, Schematic comparison long-term pulse study and the field conditions ...

Figure 10. Long-term pulse study. Conditions 1 pore vol of 1% NaOH and 1% NaCl in THUMS Ranger sand pack being displaced in small increments with 1% NaCl solution at 125°F.

Figure IL Long-term pulse study. Conditions for pore vol each A, 0.4% sodium orthosilicate + 1% NaCl O, 0.7% sodium orthosilicate 1% NaCl X, L0% sodium orthosilicate + 7% NaCl and , 2.0% sodium orthosilicate + 1 % NaCl in THU MS Ranger sand packs being displaced in small increments with 1 % NaCl solution at 125 F.

Hoder et al. (1984) studied clonidine in seven newborn infants with neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome and found no significant changes in blood pressure, pulse, or electrocardiograms (EKG) in any of the seven infants. One infant had a transient abnormal eye exam and two infants developed a transient mild metabolic acidosis. On follow up 4-9 months later, four infants were found to be developmentally age appropriate. However, Huisjes et al. (1986) reported that 22 children exposed in utero to clonidine as result of treatment for maternal hypertension had increased sleep disturbances and hyperactivity, compared to a control group at a mean age of 6 years. It is unclear whether these differences were a direct effect of clonidine on prenatal development. More sophisticated preclinical studies need to be done in this area. At best the level of short-term and long-term safety regarding clonidine is level C. 

In one of the first studies of in vivo delivery of pDNA using electroporation, Titomirov etal. (1991) demonstrated that the skin of newborn mice could take up and express a reporter gene after pDNA injection followed by the application of electric pulses. In a later study, Heller et al. (1996) injected the liver of rats with pDNA encoding / -gal followed by the administration of electric pulses. In the rat study, long-term expression of / -gal occurred after pDNA electroporation (up to day 21 post pDNA injection) and 30-35% of the hepatocytes were transfected. 

Hallin M, Deplano A, Denis O, De Mendonca R, De Ryck R, Struelens MJ (2007) Validation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa typing for long-term, nationwide epidemiological surveillance studies of Staphylococcus aureus infections. J CUn Microbiol 45 127-133 Hamels S, Gala JL, Dufour S, Vannuffel P, Zammatteo N, Remade J (2001) Consensus PCR and microarray for diagnosis of the genus Staphylococcus, species, and methiciUm resistance. Biotechniques 31 1364-1366, 1368, 1370-1362... 

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